Update in perioperative anesthetic management of pheochromocytoma

Table 2 Commonly used drugs during resection of pheochromocytoma

Drug	Dosages	Additional information
Fenoldopam	0.2 mg/kg per minute	Tachycardia, hypokalemia
		Cautions in patients with CVA
Sodium nitroprusside	1-2 mg/kg per minute	Cyanide toxicity, reflex tachycardia, severe hypotension
Nitroglycerine	25-250 mg/min	Reflex tachycardia, tachyphylaxis
		Methemoglobinemia, cerebral vazodilation
Nicardipine	5.0 mg/h	Hypotension, bradycardia, heart failure, WPW syndrome
Phentolamine	1-5 mg	Minimum side effects
Beta blockers		Careful in patients with asthma, conduction disturbances, severe heart failure. May cause severe bradycardia and postural hypotension. May potentiate effect of other drugs (like CCB)
Esmolol	5-10 mg × 3 min
Metoprolol	2.5-5 mg × 2 min
Labetalol	5-10 mg
Epinephrine	1-20 mg/min	Α and β agonist, positive inotropic, chronotropic effect and increases BP
Norepinephrine	1-30 mg/min	α/β1 agonist, decreases organ blood flow
Dopamine	5-20 mg/kg per minute	α/β/dopamine dose dependent agonist, may cause tachycardia and dysrthymias
Vasopressin	0.1-0.4 units/min	May cause MI