Effect of opioid dependence or abuse on opioid utilization after shoulder arthroplasty

Figure 1 Percent of patients filling at least one opioid prescription within each post-operative interval following reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Within the first post-operative month, patients with a history of opioid dependence/abuse were slightly more likely to fill opioid prescriptions (RR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.27-1.45, P < 0.001). However, they were over 3 times as likely to use opioids during post-operative months 3-12 (RR ranged 3.09-3.50, 95%CI: 2.67-4.10, P < 0.001).