Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2018.
World J Orthop. Apr 18, 2018; 9(4): 65-71
Published online Apr 18, 2018. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v9.i4.65
Table 2 Reports of extra-articular snapping elbow
Report and yearNo. of casesSnapping pathologyDiagnostic procedureTreatmentResults
Anand et al[16], 2012OneSnapping ulnar nerveOpen surgeryTransposition of nerveComplete recovery, returned to elite sport
Cesmebasi et al[35], 2015FourSnapping medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (4), triceps (3) and ulnar nerve (3)Open surgery/sonographyOpen decompression, stabilization or transposition of nerves, resection of tendonImprovement (mild persistent symptoms to complete recovery)
Chuang et al[17], 2016OneSnapping triceps and subluxing ulnar nerveDynamic sonographyNSAIDs and reduction in repetitive elbow flexion activities at workPartial improvement
Dreyfuss et al[18], 1978TwoSnapping tricepsOpen reinsertion of the snapping part of the tricepsReinsertion of the snapping tendon1 complete recovery, 1 partial
Haws et al[30], 1995OneSnapping tricepsOpen explorationOpen resection of tendonComplete recovery
Hayashi et al[19], 1984OneSnapping tricepsPhysical examination, radiographs, open surgeryMedial epicondylectomy and division of tendonComplete recovery
Jacobson et al [20], 2001ThreeSnapping ulnar nerve, snapping tricepsDynamic sonographyOpen “surgical treatment for each abnormality”Not reported
Lasecki et al[21], 2014OneSnapping triceps and ulnar nerveMRI and dynamic sonographyNot reportedNot reported
Minami et al[31], 1999OneSnapping tricepsNot reportedOpen tendon resectionComplete recovery
Reis et al[22], 1980OneSnapping tricepsOpen surgeryOpen tendon resectionComplete recovery
Rolfsen[23], 1970OneSnapping tricepsOpen surgeryOpen tendon resectionComplete recovery
Spinner et al[32], 2001OneSnapping tricepsPhysical examinationOpen tendon ExcisionComplete recovery
Spinner et al[24], 1999TwoSnapping tricepsPhysical examination, MRIReduction in weight liftingSymptoms only appeared during weight lifting
Spinner et al[33], 1999OneSnapping triceps lateralPalpation and MRIOpen tendon resectionComplete recovery
Spinner et al[25], 2000FifteenSnapping triceps after operation for snapping ulnar nervePhysical examination, MRILateral transposition or excision of tendon (nine patients), six refused surgeryComplete relief of snapping in surgically treated patients. No relief in non-operated
Watts et al[34], 2009ThreeSnapping tricepsOpen explorationExcision (two), tendon division (one)Complete recovery
Xarchas et al[26], 2007ThreeSnapping ulnar nervePalpationAnterior nerve transposition (two), NSAIDS and change of job as waitress (one)Complete recovery after surgery. Not reported for non-surgery