Failed medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: Causes and surgical strategies

Figure 13 This patient has had two operations on his medial patellofemoral ligament. We can observe the different tunnels in the patella and distal femur. In this case, a MPFL reconstruction was performed without bone tunnels using the adductor magnus tendon as a post and a partial thickness medial quadriceps tendon as a graft (reproduced with permission from AOTT Journal, The Turkish Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology). MPFL: Medial patellofemoral ligament.