Atlantoaxial rotatory displacement in children

Table 2 Associated conditions

Associations	Pang class and associations
Minor trauma (7)	I	Minor trauma (2)
ENT or craniofacial procedures (10)	II	Craniofacial procedures (3)
		ENT procedures (3)
		Grisels (1)
		Unknown (2)
Grisels (7)	III	Minor trauma (1)
Unknown (8)	IV	Unknown (6)
		ENT procedures (3)
		Grisels (3)
		Minor trauma (3)
		Occipital condyle fracture (1)
Occipital condyle fracture (1)	V	Grisels (3)
		ENT procedures (2)
Down syndrome (1)		Minor trauma (2)
		Unknown (1)
Congenital muscular torticollis (1)		Down syndrome (1)

The conditions associated with the painful torticollis are illustrated on the left side, and on the right side these associations are grouped according to the Pang and Li type.