Arterial complications, venous thromboembolism and deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A systematic review

Table 3 Results arterial injuries (case reports)

Ref.	ACLR	Graft type	Fixation femur	Fixation tibia	Vascular injury	Diagnosis after ACLR	Treatment	Cause vascular complication
Spalding et al[31]	Primary	Gore-Tex	?	?	Compression popliteal artery	8 yr	Cyst removal	Compression by cyst containing ruptured Gore-tex graft
Aldridge et al[32]	Primary	BPTB	Interference screw	Interference screw	Avulsion middle gen. artery	4 wk	Direct repair avulsion	Lesion artery by shaver
Evans et al[33]	Primary	BPTB	Interference screw	Interference screw	Pseudoaneurysm med. inf. gen. artery	5 wk	Ligation pseudoaneurysm	Elevation periosteum medial tibia (tunnel preparation)
Friederich et al[34]	Primary	BPTB	Staples	Staples	Lesion sup. lat. gen. artery	5 mo	Removal staples	Hardware femur
Kanko et al[35]	Primary	BPTB	Interference screw	Bicortical screw	Pseudoaneurysm popliteal artery	2 yr	Ligation pseudoaneurysm	Drill bit for bicortical tibia fixation?
Keçeci et al[36]	Primary	BPTB	Interference screw	Interference screw	Popliteal arteriovenous fistula	18 mo	Venous re-anastomosis	Break-out posterior femoral cortex
Lamo-Espinosa et al[37]	Primary	BPTB	Interference screw	Interference screw	Lesion lat. inf. gen. artery	1 d	Embolization	Simultaneous lateral meniscectomy
Mello et al[38]	Primary	BPTB	Interference screw	Interfererce screw	Pseudoaneurysm med. inf. gen. artery	6 wk	Embolization	Direct lesion artery by shaver
Pereira et al[39]	Primary	BPTB	Interference screw	Interference screw	Pseudoaneurysm sup. lat. gen. artery	11 d	Ligation pseudoaneurysm	Hardware femur
Roth et al[40]	Primary	BTPB + augmentation	Staple	?	Occlusion popliteal artery	6 wk	Venous bypass	Entrapment between graft and femur
Tam Kelvin et al[41]	Primary	BPTB	Endobutton	Interference screw	Pseudoaneurysm popliteal artery	8 d	Repair by venous graft	Direct trauma by guide pin femoral canal
Lee et al[42]	Rerevision	?	Rigidfix cross pin	?	2 lesions sup. to level of med. and lat. gen. artery	6 wk	Venous re-anastomosis	Drill tip for Rigidfix cross pin
Ambrosia et al[57]	Primary	Hamstring	TightRope	Interference screw	Pseudoaneurysm popliteal artery	7 wk	Venous bypass	Hamstring harvest/previous catheterization-angioplasty?
Buda et al[43]	Primary	Hamstring ACL + allograft PCL	Staples	Staples	Pseudoaneurysm post. tibial artery	1 wk	Embolization	Surgical approach PCL or hamstring harvest?
Galanakis et al[44]	Primary	Hamstring + extra-artic. rec.	Staples	Pes anserinus	Pseudoaneurysm popliteal artery	Day of surgery	Venous re-anastomosis	Lesion artery by shaver and popliteal entrapment syndrome
Janssen et al[45]	Primary	Hamstring	Bone Mulch Screw	WasherLoc	Pseudoaneurysm popliteal artery	12 d	Venous repair	Drill tip for bicortical tibial fixation
Janssen et al[47]	Primary	Hamstring	Bone Mulch Screw	WasherLoc	Subtotal occlusion popliteal artery	19 d	Embolectomy	Preexistent intimal lesion after knee dislocation
Janssen et al[47]	Primary	Hamstring	Bone Mulch Screw	WasherLoc	Pseudoaneurysm and occlusion popliteal artery	9 d	Venous re-anastomosis	Drill tip for bicortical tibial fixation
Milankov et al[48]	Primary	Hamstring	Interference screw	Interference screw	Pseudoaneurysm med. inf. gen. artery	1 d	Ligation pseudoaneurysm	Hamstring harvest?
Panigrahi et al[56]	Primary	Hamstring ACL + PCL	?	?	Occlusion popliteal artery	Day of surgery	Embolectomy	Preexistent thrombotic occlusion after knee dislocation
Tsubosaka et al[54]	Primary	Hamstring	Cortical buttons	Screw post	Pseudoaneurysm med. inf. gen. artery	2 d	Embolization	Anteromedial portal
Pereira et al[39]	Revision	Hamstring	Transverse screw	Interference screw	Pseudoaneurysm sup. lat. gen. artery	2 d	Ligation pseudoaneurysm	Hardware femur
Carr et al[49]	Primary	Achilles tendon allograft	Interference screw	Suture+ washer bone plug	Traumatic arteriovenous fistula	7 wk	Ligation fistula	Injury at medial superior portal site

ACL: Anterior cruciate ligament; ACLR: ACL reconstruction; BPTB: Bone-patellar tendon-bone; PCL: Posterior cruciate ligament.