Perioperative outcomes in minimally invasive lumbar spine surgery: A systematic review

Table 6 Studies comparing perioperative outcomes of minimally invasive vs open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion

Ref.	Length of surgery (min) ± SD		Estimated blood loss (cc) ± SD		Neurologic complications		Length of stay (d) ± SD
	MIS	Open	MIS	Open	MIS	Open	MIS	Open
RCTs/IRCTs
Wang et al[43]	168.7 ± 36.4	145.0 ± 26.8	207.7 ± 57.6	258.9 ± 122.2	2%	0%	6.4 ± 2.5	8.7 ± 2.1
Shunwu et al[44]	159.2 ± 21.7	142.8 ± 22.5	399.8 ± 125.8	517.0 ± 147.8	0%	0%	9.3 ± 2.6	12.5 ± 1.8
Wang et al[45]	139.0 ± 27.0	143.0 ± 35.0	291.0 ± 86.0	652.0 ± 150.0	12%	19%	-	-
Cohort studies
Wong et al[46]	173	309	115	485	12%	13%	2.8	4.4
Zhang et al[47]	120 ± 35	115 ± 28	250 ± 75	650 ± 150	0%	3%	-	-
Villavicencio et al[48]	223 ± 68	215 ± 60	163 ± 131	367 ± 298	11%	13%	3.0 ± 2.3	4.2 ± 3.5
Lee et al[49]	166 ± 52	182 ± 45	161 ± 51	447 ± 519	1%	0%	3.2 ± 2.9	6.8 ± 3.4
Terman et al[50]	-	-	100	450	-	-	2.0	3.0
Cheng et al[51]	245 ± 73	279 ± 15	393 ± 284	536 ± 324	0%	12%	4.8 ± 1.8	6.1 ± 1.8
Liang et al[52]	127 ± 60	96 ± 46	194 ± 86	357 ± 116	-	-	-	-
Yang et al[53]	175 ± 35	177 ± 30	362 ± 177	720 ± 171	7%	2%	4.0 ± 1.3	7.1 ± 1.0
Gu et al[54]	196 ± 28	187 ± 23	248 ± 94	576 ± 176	5%	3%	9.3 ± 3.7	12.1 ± 3.6
Wang et al[55]	145 ± 27	156 ± 32	264 ± 89	673 ± 145	10%	7%	10.6 ± 2.5	14.6 ± 3.8
Zairi et al[56]	170	186	148	486	3%	3%	4.5	5.5
Seng et al[57]	185 ± 9	166 ± 7	127 ± 46	405 ± 80	-	-	-	-
Pelton et al[58]	112 ± 33	185 ± 34	125 ± 76	275 ± 99	-	-	2.0 ± 0.7	3.0 ± 1.1
Singh et al[59]	116 ± 28	186 ± 31	124 ± 92	380 ± 191	-	-	2.3 ± 1.2	2.9 ± 1.1
Brodano et al[60]	144	102	230	620	3%	9%	4.1	7.4
Zou et al[61]	150 ± 41	175 ± 37	131 ± 74	318 ± 177	0%	0%	7.5 ± 2.7	9.3 ± 4.2
Peng et al[62]	216	171	150	681	-	-	4.0	6.7
Archavlis et al[63]	220 ± 48	190 ± 65	185 ± 140	255 ± 468	13%	4%	7.0	11.0
Dhall et al[64]	199	237	194	505	0%	5%	3.0	5.5
Schizas et al[65]	-	-	456	961	17%	6%	6.1	8.2
Adogwa et al[66]	300	210	200	295	0%	0%	3.0	5.0
Niesche et al[67]	140	130	150	380	0%	11%	5.0	10.0
Lau et al[68]	390	365	467	566	0%	0%	5.0	6.2

RCT: Randomized controlled trial; IRCT: Incomplete randomized controlled trial; SD: Standard deviation; MIS: Minimally invasive.