Perioperative outcomes in minimally invasive lumbar spine surgery: A systematic review

Table 4 Studies comparing perioperative outcomes of minimally invasive lateral vs open anterior approaches to the lumbar spine

Ref.	Length of surgery (min) ± SD		Estimated blood loss (cc) ± SD		Neurologic complications		Length of stay (d) ± SD
	MIS	Open	MIS	Open	MIS	Open	MIS	Open
Cohort studies
Hrabalek et al[27]	-	-	-	-	28%	24%	-	-
Smith et al[28]	112 ± 31	173 ± 31	90 ± 74	311 ± 370	3%	6%	1.7 ± 1.3	3.6 ± 0.9
Rodgers et al[12]	-	-	1.4 g Hb	2.7 g Hb	-	-	1.3	5.3
Huang et al[29]	176 ± 8	202 ± 15	572 ± 93	970 ± 209	-	-	11.6 ± 1.3	12.5 ± 1.3
Case series
Rodgers et al[13]	-	-	1.38 g Hb	-	1%	-	1.2	-
Ruetten et al[30]	27	-	01	-	0%	-	-	-
Lykissas et al[31]	295 ± 180	-	-	-	135%	-	-	-
Grimm et al[32]	122	-	181	-	20%	-	3.0	-
Tohmeh et al[33]	-	-	-	-	48%	-	-	-
Berjano et al[34]	-	-	-	-	16%	-	-	-
Lee et al[26]	52 ± 19	-	01	-	19%	-	-	-
Marchi et al[35]	73 ± 31	-	< 50	-	29%	-	-	-
Sharma et al[36]	-	-	-	-	70%	-	-	-
Pimenta et al[25]	130	-	-	-	28%	-	1.4	-
Ahmadian et al[37]	-	-	94	-	-	-	3.5	-
Caputo et al[38]	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-
Malham et al[39]	84	-	70	-	20%	-	-	-
Pimenta et al[40]	69 ± 11	-	< 50	-	13%	-	-	-
Elowitz et al[41]	-	-	-	-	20%3	-	-	-
Oliveira et al[42]	86	-	44	-	14%	-	1.2	-

¹”Non-measurable” blood loss;

²Anterior thigh numbness in “substantial percentage” of patients which resolved in all patients at 4 wk;

³Anterior thigh numbness for more than 3 wk. Hb: Hemoglobin; SD: Standard deviation; MIS: Minimally invasive.