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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Orthop. Dec 18, 2015; 6(11): 944-953
Published online Dec 18, 2015. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v6.i11.944
Table 2 Overview of several radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging scoring systems for the ankle joint
Van Dijk Scale[33]MOCART[41]
(0) Normal joint or subchondral sclerosisDegree of defect repair and filling of the defect
(1) Osteophytes without joint space narrowingComplete (on a level with adjacent cartilage)
(2) Joint space narrowing with or without osteophytesHypertrophy (over the level of the adjacent cartilage)
(3) (Sub)total disappearance or deformation of the joint spaceIncomplete (under the level of the adjacent cartilage; underfilling)
> 50% of the adjacent cartilage
< 50% of the adjacent cartilage
Modified Takakura Scale[35]Subchondral bone exposed (complete delamination or dislocation and/or loose body)
(1) No joint space narrowing but early sclerosis and osteophyte formationIntegration to border zone
(2) Narrowing of the joint space mediallyComplete (complete integration with adjacent cartilage)
Incomplete (incomplete integration with adjacent cartilage)
(3a) Obliteration of the joint space limited to the facet of medial malleolus with subchondral bone contactDemarcating border visible (split-like) Defect visible
(3b) Obliteration of the joint space advanced to the roof of the talar dome with subchondral bone contact< 50% of the length of the repair tissue > 50% of the length of the repair tissue
(4) Obliteration of the whole joint space with complete bone contact
Modified Kellgren-Lawrence Scale[34]Surface of the repair tissue
(0) No radiographic findings of osteoarthritisSurface intact (lamina splendens intact)
(1) Minute osteophytes of doubtful clinical significanceSurface damaged (fibrillations, fissures and ulcerations)
(2) Definite osteophytes with unimpaired joint space< 50% of repair tissue depth
(3) Definite osteophytes with moderate joint space narrowing> 50% of repair tissue depth or total degeneration
(4) Definite osteophytes with severe joint space narrowing and subchondral sclerosis
Structure of the repair tissue
Homogenous
Inhomogenous or cleft formation
Signal intensity of the repair tissue
Dual T2-FSE
Isointense
Moderately hyperintense
Markedly hyperintense
3D-GE-FS
Isointense
Moderately hypointense
Markedly hypointense
Subchondral lamina
Intact
Not intact
Subchondral bone
Intact
Non-intact (edema, granulation tissue, cysts, sclerosis)
Adhesions
No
Yes
Effusion
No
Yes