Collecting shoulder kinematics with electromagnetic tracking systems and digital inclinometers: A review

Table 2 Digital inclinometer reliability of humeral range of motion measurements

Ref.	Motion	Reliability	ICC	SEM	MDC
Kolber et al[74]	Flexion	Intra-day, inter-observer	0.58	3.24°	8°
		Inter-day, intra-observer	0.83	1.64°
	Abduction	Intra-day, inter-observer	0.95	1.63°	4°
		Inter-day, intra-observer	0.91	2.26°
	Internal rotation	Intra-day, inter-observer	0.93	3.39°	8°
		Inter-day, intra-observer	0.87	4.27°
	External rotation	Intra-day, inter-observer	0.88	3.98°	9°
		Inter-day, intra-observer	0.94	2.63°
Kolber et al[44]	Scaption	Intra-day, inter-observer	0.89	3.4°	9°
		Inter-day, intra-observer	0.88	3.4°	9°
Laudner et al[43]	Horizontal adduction	Intra-observer	0.93	1.64
		Inter-observer	0.91	1.71
de Winter[65]	Abduction	Inter-observer	0.28–0.83
	External rotation	Inter-observer	0.56–0.90

ICC: Intraclass correlation coefficient; RMS: Root mean square; SEM: Standard errors of measurement; MDC: Minimal detectable change.