Surgical advances in the treatment of neuromuscular scoliosis

Table 4 Decade 1990-1999

Decade-Year of publication	Authors	Patients(n)	Neuromuscular condition	Instrumentation	Complications(number of patients)	Outcome/Conclusions
1990-1999
1991	Gau et al[34]	68	Various	Luque-Galveston instrumentation	14 hardware problems;
					7 cases of pseudarthrosis;
					3 neurologic deficits
					Complications rate: 35%
1992	Hopf et al[35]	44	Various
1992	Neustadt et al[36]	18	Various	CDI of the pelvis	1 hardware failure;	Posterior spinal fusion with CDI of the pelvis is an effective treatment for patients with neuromuscular scoliosis.
					1 deep wound infection
					Complications rate: 11%
1992	Onimus et al[37]	32	Cerebral palsy		3 deaths;	Pain disappeared in 2/3 of cases;
					10 other	sitting position was acquired in all the cases at follow-up;
						motor possibilities improved in 25% of cases;
					Complications rate: 41%	associated medical pathologies were reduced in 67% of cases.
1996	Sussman et al[38]	25	Cerebral palsy	L-rod		Posterior fusion and instrumentation from the upper thoracic spine to L5 without anterior fusion provides adequate correction and control of spinal deformity for many patients with cerebral palsy
1997	Frischhut et al[39]	41	Various	29 L-rod, Luque-Galveston, CDI and ISOLA; 12 Harrington instrumentation	3 deep wound infections Complications rate: 7%
1997	Marchesi et al[40]	25	Duchenne muscular dystrophy	L-rod with sacral screws		In every patient, a good sitting balance could be restored after surgery

Most significant works published between 1990 and 1999. CDI: Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation.