Techniques and accuracy of thoracolumbar pedicle screw placement

Table 5 Summary of studies evaluating navigation-aided pedicle screw placement

	Most common pathology	Screw location	Number of patients	Number of screws	Accuracy (%)	Revision rate (%)
Idler et al[53], 1996	Postlaminectomy instability and spinal stenosis	L1-S1	30	139	95.7	N/A
Youkilis et al[14], 2000	Assorted	T1-T12	52	224	91.5	N/A
Bledsoe et al[58], 2009	Cervical deformity	T1-T3	34	150	93.3	0
Nottmeier et al[59], 2009	Unclear	T1-S1	184	951	92.5	N/A
Oertel et al[60], 2011	Degenerative Disease	T8-S1	50	278	96.8	0
Scheufler et al[55], 2011	Idiopathic and Degenerative Deformity	T2-S1	46	Ta-243	T-96.5	4.3
				LSb-542	LS-94.4
Dinesh et al[54], 2012	Metastasis	T1-T12	43	261	97.3	1.5 (intraop)
						1.2 (postop)
Lee et al[61], 2013	Degenerative Spondylolisthesis	T1-S1	178	932	96.8	1.4
Ling et al[62], 2013	Degenerative Disease	T5-S1	92	467	95.3	1.3 (intraop)

T: Thoracic spine; LS: Lumbosacral spine; N/A: Not applicable.