Establishing proof of concept: Platelet-rich plasma and bone marrow aspirate concentrate may improve cartilage repair following surgical treatment for osteochondral lesions of the talus

Table 1 Summary of the effect of growth factors contained in platelet-rich plasma

Growth factor	Activity
TGF-β1	Stimulates MSCs and chondrocytes inhibit catabolic activity of IL-1
FGF	Stimulate bone growth
	Decrease aggrecanase activity
EGF	Cellular proliferation epithelial cell differentiation
PDGF	Stimulation of fibroblasts and collagen synthesis stimulation of osteoblasts
VEGF	Promotes angiogenesis and vasculogenesis

TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor-β1; FGF: Fibroblast growth factor; EGF: Epidermal growth factor; PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; IL-1: Interleukin-1.