Cross-talks between osteoporosis and gut microbiome

Table 2 Future research directions in gut microbiota and osteoporosis

Research direction	Focus areas	Potential outcomes
Microbiome-targeted therapies	Identification of beneficial strains, optimal delivery methods	Effective prevention and treatment strategies
Multi-omics integration	Combining genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics	Comprehensive understanding of gut-bone mechanisms
Gut-brain-bone axis	Interaction between gut microbiota, brain function, bone metabolism	Novel therapeutic targets and interventions
Characterization of metabolites	Detailed study of short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, indole propionic acid	Development of targeted supplements or drugs
Personalized medicine	Microbiome profiling for tailored treatments	Enhanced efficacy and personalized prevention
Longitudinal studies	Tracking microbiota and bone health over time	Robust data on causality and intervention effects
Optimization of therapies	Delivery mechanisms, dosage, adherence strategies	Improved therapeutic outcomes and patient compliance
Ethical and regulatory frameworks	Safety, consent, accessibility of microbiota-based therapies	Safe and regulated clinical applications