Treatment of refractory thoracolumbar spine infection by thirteen times of vacuum sealing drainage: A case report

Figure 3 Intraoperative observations. A: Patient in the right lateral position with an extreme lateral approach incision. B: Intraoperative placement of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) sponge in the intervertebral space; C: Removal of the VSD sponge from the L2/3 and L3/4 intervertebral spaces during surgery; D and E: Intraoperative C-arm fluoroscopy X-ray after posterior implantation of the T12/L1 pedicle internal fixation and implantation of the L2–L4 through the extreme lateral approach.