Novel association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and osteoporosis: A prospective cross-sectional study

Table 3 Relationship between bone mineral density and forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity percentage

Outcome	Crude model		1Model I		2Model II
	β (95%CI)	P value	β (95%CI)	P value	β (95%CI)	P value
BMD (mg/cm3)	0.1 (0.1,0.1)	< 0.0001	0.0 (-0.0, 0.1)	0.0387	-0.0 (-0.0, -0.0)	0.896
BMD (quartile)
Low	Reference		Reference		Reference
Middle	2.0 (-1.8, 5.7)	0.309	3.4 (0.7, 6.1)	0.0143	-0.0 (-2.1, 2.0)	0.9694
High	9.0 (5.3, 12.8)	< 0.0001	2.9 (-0.1, 6.0)	0.0579	0.8 (-1.6, 3.3)	0.5052

¹Adjust I adjusts for: Sex (male, female); age; height; weight; body mass index (BMI); Smoke (0, 1, 2); tea (0, 1); physical activity (0, 1, 2, 3); forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1).

²Adjust II adjusts for: sex (male, female); age (smooth); height (smooth); weight (smooth); BMI (smooth); smoke (0, 1, 2); tea (0, 1); physical activity (0, 1, 2, 3); FEV1 (smooth). BMD: Bone mineral density; CI: Confidence interval.