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©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Orthop. Sep 18, 2024; 15(9): 882-890
Published online Sep 18, 2024. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v15.i9.882
Published online Sep 18, 2024. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v15.i9.882
Table 2 Characteristics of the studies included in the qualitative synthesis
Ref. | Country/year | Injury | Opioid(s)-ROA | Nonopioid(s)-ROA | Patients /study type | Outcome (minimum clinically important difference) | Evaluation time | Efficacy result | Safety results |
Soave et al[8] | Italy/1983 | Severe pain due to fractures | Pentazocine-IV | Indoprofen-IV | The 40/pseudo-RCT | Any reduction on VAS | The 0 minute, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours | Pain relief in Pentazocine group | No differences |
Chang et al[9] | United States/2017 | Acute extremity pain | OXY/APAP-PO, HYCOD/APAP-PO, COD/APAP-PO | IBP/APAP-PO | 416/RCT | Reduction of 1.3 on the NRS | 2 hours | No differences | ADR in opioid |
Bijur et al[10] | United States/2021 | Acute musculo-skeletal pain | OXY/APAP-PO, HYCOD/APAP-PO, COD/APAP-PO | IBP/APAP-PO | 600/RCT | Any reduction on NRS | The 0 hour, 1 hour or 2 hours | No differences | ADR in opioid |
Buccelletti et al[11] | Italy/2014 | Acute musculo-skeletal traumatic pain | COD/APAP-PO | Ketorolac-PO | 134/pseudo-RCT | Any reduction on NRS | The 0 minute, 30 minutes, 2 hours | Pain relief in COD/APAP group | Not available |
Craig et al[12] | United Kingdom/2012 | Severe traumatic limb pain | MORPH-IV | APAP-IV | 55/RCT | ≥ 13 mm reduction on VAS | The 0 minute, 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes | No differences | ADR in opioid |
Jalili et al[13] | Iran/2016 | Severe traumatic limb pain | MORPH-IV | APAP-IV | 60/RCT | Any reduction on NRS | The 0 minute, 15 minutes, 30 minutes | Pain relief in APAP group | No differences |
Farahmand et al[14] | Iran/2018 | Severe traumatic limb pain | MORPH-IV | Lidocaine-IV | 50/RCT | Reduction of 1.3 on the NRS | The 0 minute, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes | No differences | Heart rate/respiratory rate reduction in opioid |
Gurnani et al[15] | India/1996 | Acute musculo-skeletal traumatic pain | MORPH-IV | KET-subcutaneous | 40/RCT | Any reduction on VAS | The 0 minute, 15 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours | Pain relief in KET group | ADR in opioid |
Shimonovich et al[16] | Israel/2016 | Moderate-severe acute traumatic pain | MORPH-IV/MORPH-IM | KET-IN | 90/RCT | ≥ 15 mm reduction and max pain reduction on VAS | Time to onset in min | No differences | No differences |
Tongbua et al[17] | Thailand/2022 | Moderate-severe Musculo-skeletal pain | MORPH-IV | KET-IN | 74/RCT | Reduction of 1.3 on the NRS | The 0 minute, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 75 minutes, 90 minutes, 105 minutes and 120 minutes | No differences | No differences |
Kampan et al[18] | Thailand/2024 | Moderate-severe Musculo-skeletal pain (≥ 65) | MORPH-IV | KET-IN | 92/RCT | Reduction of 1.3 on the NRS | The 0 minute, 30 minutes | No differences | ADR in opioid |
Esfahani et al[19] | Iran/2021 | Severe traumatic limb pain | MORPH-IV | KET-IV | 76/RCT | Any reduction on NRS | The 0 minute, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes | No differences | ADR in KET |
Le Cornec et al[20] | France/2024 | Out-of-hospital traumatic pain | MORPH-IV | KET-IV | 251/RCT | Reduction of 1.3 on the NRS | The 0 minute, 30 minutes | No differences | ADR in KET |
Lim et al[21] | Singapore/ 2021 | Out-of-hospital traumatic pain | Tramadol-IM | MTX-inhalation | 369/RCT | ≥ 3-point reduction in NRS | The 0 minute, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes | Pain relief in MTX group | ADR in MTX |
- Citation: Fiore M, Nasto LA, McCaffery E, Barletta F, Visconti A, Gargano F, Pola E, Pace MC. Pain management in acute musculoskeletal injury: Effect of opioid vs nonopioid medications. World J Orthop 2024; 15(9): 882-890
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v15/i9/882.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v15.i9.882