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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Orthop. Feb 18, 2024; 15(2): 110-117
Published online Feb 18, 2024. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v15.i2.110
Table 1 Palmer’s classification
Type 1 acute traumatic injury
Type 2 degenerative injury
Isolated central TFCC articular disk perforationTFCC wear
Peripheral ulnar-sided TFCC tear with or without ulnar styloid fractureTFCC wear with lunate and/or ulnar chondromalacia
Distal TFCC disruption (disruption of the distal ulno-carpal ligaments)TFCC perforation with lunate and/or ulnar chondromalacia
Radial TFCC disruption with or without sigmoid notch fractureTFCC perforation with lunate and/or ulnar chondromalacia and with lunotriquetral ligament perforation
TFCC perforation with lunate and/or ulnar chondromalacia, lunotriquetral ligament perforation and ulno-carpal arthritis