Impacts of mesenchymal stem cells and hyaluronic acid on inflammatory indicators and antioxidant defense in experimental ankle osteoarthritis

Table 1 Effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell and/ or hyaluronic acid treatments on right hind leg circumference at paw region (cm) of osteoarthritic rats

Period/group	Zero day	%	3rd day	%	2nd week	%	3rd week	%	4th week	%	5th week	%	6th week	%
Normal	1.50 ± 0.03a	-	1.53 ± 0.03b	-	1.68 ± 0.05b	-	1.68 ± 0.05b	-	1.71 ± 0.05d	-	1.70 ± 0.04d	-	1.80 ± 0.04c	-
Osteoarthritic control	1.58 ± 0.05a	5	2.98 ± 0.05a	95	2.82 ± 0.05a	68	2.77 ± 0.054a	65	2.80 ± 0.03a	64	2.74 ± 0.03a	61	2.70 ± 0.03a	50
Osteoarthritic + BMMSCs	1.67 ± 0.06a	6	2.89 ± 0.06a	-3	2.79 ± 0.04a	-1	2.69 ± 0.035a	-3	2.67 ± 0.04c	-5	2.28 ± 0.04b	-6	2.23 ± 0.07b	-17
Osteoarthritic + HA	1.64 ± 0.06a	4	2.92 ± 0.04a	-2	2.90 ± 0.06a	3	2.74 ± 0.06a	-1	2.55 ± 0.04b	-9	2.45 ± 0.05c	-11	2.10 ± 0.04b	-22
Osteoarthritic + BMMSCs + HA	1.63 ± 0.06a	3	2.91 ± 0.04a	-2	2.89 ± 0.05a	2	2.76 ± 0.052a	0	2.600 ± 0.05b,c	-7	2.50 ± 0.03b,c	-9	2.25 ± 0.05b	-17

^aP < 0.05, in the same column, values with b, c, and d are significantly different;

^bP < 0.05, in the same column, values with a, c, and d are significantly different;

^cP < 0.05, in the same column, values with a, b, and d are significantly different;

^dP < 0.05, in the same column, values with a, b, and c are significantly different.

Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of the mean (n = 6). Percentage changes were calculated by comparing osteoarthritic control with normal and osteoarthritic-treated groups with osteoarthritic control. BMMSCs: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; HA: Hyaluronic acid.