Evidence-based orthobiologic practice: Current evidence review and future directions

Table 1 Orthobiologic usage indications and the level of evidence supporting its usage

Indication	Orthobiologic product	Level of evidence	Ref.
Knee osteoarthritis	PRP	1	[18-20]
	BMAC	1	[21,22]
	SVF/MFAT/AD-MSC	1	[23-25]
	Allogeneic MSC	1	[26-28]
	Cultured chondrocytes (ACI/MACI)	1	[29]
Avascular necrosis of femoral head	BMAC	1	[30-32]
	SVF/MFAT/AD-MSC	4	[33,34]
	Cultured osteoblasts	4	[35-37]
Lateral epicondylitis	PRP	1	[1,38]
	BMAC	1	[39]
Achilles tendinopathy	PRP	1	[40,41]
	BMAC	1	[39]
Patellar tendinopathy	PRP	1	[42,43]
	BMAC	1	[39]
Adhesive capsulitis	PRP	1	[44,45]
Plantar fasciitis	PRP	1	[46,47]
	SVF	4	[48]
Degenerative disc disease	PRP	1	[49,50]
	BMAC	1	[51-53]
Fracture	PRP	1	[54-56]
	BMAC	1	[57-59]
ACL augment	PRP	1	[60,61]
	BMAC	1	[62]
Meniscus repair	PRP	1	[63-65]
	BMAC	4	[66,67]
	MFAT	1	[68]
Rotator cuff repair augment	PRP	1	[69,70]
	BMAC	1	[39,71,72]
Ankle sprain	PRP	1	[73]
Acute muscle injuries	PRP	1	[74]
Ankle osteoarthritis	PRP	1	[75,76]
Carpal tunnel syndrome	PRP	1	[77,78]

ACL: Anterior cruciate ligament; PRP: Platelet-rich plasma; BMAC: Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate; SVF: Stromal vascular fraction; MFAT: Microfragmented Adipose Tissue; AD-MSC: Adipose tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells; MACI: Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation.