Isolated lateral leg compartment syndrome: A case report

Table 1 A summary of the 12 included papers reporting on 14 cases of atraumatic isolated lateral leg compartment syndrome

Ref.	Age	Gender	Site	Presentation	Preceding event	Comorbidities	Intercompartmental pressure	Management	Other
[6]	Mid 30s	F	R	Atraumatic, painless ankle swelling and footdrop 1 d prior to presentation	Wearing high heels, no history of trauma	Obese, bipolar on lithium	Lateral compartment pressure 92 mmHg	Anterior and lateral compartment fasciotomy; significant muscle necrosis lateral compartment	-
[7]	44	M	R	Severe pain lateral aspect of the lower extremity and loss of protective sensation over the dorsolateral aspect of the foot	Excessively tight compression stockings used for DVT prophylaxis post surgery	Obesity, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, obstructive sleep apnea, and obesity	Lateral compartment pressure 122 mmHg	Lateral compartment fasciotomy and delayed closure with a split-thickness skin graft	-
[9]	21	M	R	Mild pain in the lower leg and drop foot	Basketball, no history of trauma	Medically free	Anterior compartment pressure 42; lateral compartment pressure 120 mmHg	Lateral compartment fasciotomy closed primarily then reopened next day due to recurrent pain and raised intercompartmental pressure underwent delayed closure after 14 d	Peroneus longus found completely detached from its proximal origin
	16	M	R	Swelling, pain and numbness in the leg	Football, no history of trauma	Medically free	Lateral compartment pressure 100 mmHg, anterior compartment pressure 42 mmHg	Lateral compartment fasciotomy, with delayed closure	Peroneus longus found completely detached from its proximal origin
[2]	34	M	R	Dorsal foot numbness and burning pain, excruciating lateral leg pain and persistent but not severe swelling of the leg	Football, no history of trauma	Medically free	Lateral compartment pressure 130 mmHg	Lateral compartment fasciotomy	Peroneus longus partially exhibited a burgundy discoloration
[13]	33	M	R	Excruciating lateral leg pain, numbness and tingling dorsum of the foot	Noncontact injury with forceful inversion of the ankle while running on uneven ground	Not reported	Lateral compartment pressure 120 mmHg	Lateral compartment fasciotomy with delayed closure	Hematoma at the musculotendinous junction of the peroneus longus
[1]	27	M	L	Pain and tightness along the lateral aspect of the leg and swelling; passive foot inversion produced significant pain in the ankle and lateral leg	Noncontact inversion ankle injury during practice	Not reported	Lateral compartment pressure 115 mmHg anterior compartment pressure 5 mmHg	Lateral compartment fasciotomy	Peroneus longus belly initially dusky in color and edematous but no evidence of muscle rupture or hematoma
[12]	25	M	L	Lateral ankle pain rapidly increasing in intensity and spreading to the leg, lateral malleolus edema and severe pain with foot inversion and weakness on foot eversion	Football, inversion ankle injury	Not reported	Lateral compartment pressure > 130 mmHg	Lateral compartment fasciotomy	Partial muscle necrosis with proximal rupture of the peroneus longus muscle
[15]	21	M	R	Severe lateral leg pain, decreased range of motion of the foot and paresthesias over the dorsum of the foot, peroneal pain on passive inversion of the subtalar joint	Two- mile mark of a 12-mile forced-march	Not reported	Lateral compartment pressure > 130 mmHg	Lateral compartment fasciotomy with delayed closure	-
	24	M	L	Pain and tenderness over the lateral aspect of the leg, tense peroneal compartment and pain on passive stretch of the peroneal muscles with inversion of the foot. Reduced sensation to pin-prick in the first web space	18-km cross-country march	Not reported	Lateral compartment pressure 130-140 mmHg	Lateral compartment fasciotomy with delayed closure	-
[10]	17	M	R	Anterolateral leg pain, swelling and numbness in the lateral leg and dorsal foot	Football practice, no history of trauma	Medically free	Lateral compartment pressure 44 mmHg anterior compartment pressure 26 mmHg	Anterolateral fasciotomy; lateral compartment was under severe pressure, vac pump applied, returned to OR after 2 d	At 2 d, peroneus longus necrotic and noncontractile with tendon detachment proximally
[11]	29	M	R	Extreme pain, paresthesia and decreased sensation in the second web space with extreme tenderness over the proximal lateral compartment	Touch football, insignificant twisting of the knee while warming up	Not reported	Lateral compartment pressure 55 mmHg Anterior compartment pressure 20 mmHg	Lateral compartment fasciotomy with delayed closure	Ischemic muscles in the lateral compartment and small bleeding vessel in the mid portion of the muscle
[14]	25	F	R	Pain distal to the fibular head, difficulty to walk, calf swelling and spasms	Inversion ankle injury while dancing	Medically free	Lateral compartment pressure 70 mmHg	Lateral compartment fasciotomy with delayed closure	50% of the lateral compartment muscles necrotic
[8]	28	M	R	Pain and paresthesia, tense swelling in the lateral compartment with extreme pain to passive stretching of the compartment	Football, no history of injury	Medically free	Lateral compartment pressure 122 mmHg	Lateral compartment fasciotomy	-

DVP: Dose-volume parameter; OR: Operating room.