Automated patellar height assessment on high-resolution radiographs with a novel deep learning-based approach

Figure 1 Flowchart of the proposed method. A: Input radiograph; B: Bones detected by the You Only Look Once; C: Detected region of interest, resized to size 512 × 512; D: Segmented bones by the U-Net; E: Landmarks detected on the patella and line fitted to them (cyan), and line fitted to tibial surface (green). YOLO: You Only Look Once; CD: Caton-Deschamps; ROI: Region of interest.