Surgical and long-term functional outcomes of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy following spinal deformity correction

Table 6 Complications and hospital stay outcomes following surgical correction of scoliosis in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy; the current and previous studies reporting complications and hospital stay outcomes are summarised

Study	Current	Heller	Sengupta		Marsh	Cervellati	Hahn	Mehta	Modi	Takaso	Debnath		Alexander	Duckworth	Suk	Nedelcu	Scannell
Year	2022	2001	2002		2003	2004	2008	2009	2010	2010	2011		2013	2014	2014	2016	2017
Patients (n)	43	31	50		30	20	20	36	18	28	22	18	28	26	40	13	47	13
Instrumentation (n)	PH/PS/SL or PS	I	L/G or L-rod	L/G or L-rod	C/HL/USS/S	L/CD	PS/G	PS	PS	PS	SL	PS	L/G and/or PS	SL or PS	CD	UR	L	PS
Distal instrumented level (n)	L4 (21), L5 (4), P (18)	SP (31)	P (31)	L5 (19)	P (30)	SP (n = 20)	P (n = 20)	L5 (26), P (10)	L5 (7), SP (11)	L5 (28)	P (22)	L5 (18)	NA	L4/5 (14), SP (12)	LL (5), P (40)	SP (13)	P (47)	P (13)
ICU stay (days) (patient, n)	6.5	3	NA	NA	NA	2	3.2	0.4 (n = 10)	0.45 (n = 4)	NA	2.3	1.8	NA	4.5	NA	NA	2	4
Hospital stay (days)	14.1	21	16.7	7.7	22	NA	19	17.9	19	NA	8.5	7	NA	13	NA	NA	7	7
Complications (%; n)	25.6%; WIRI (4), ROPI (1), pn (2), hep (4)	D (5%), pu (24%), instr 10%, WHP (28%), GI (23%), Thr (5%), Bl (5%)	16%; DIAR (1), RI (4)	10.5%; DIARI (1); RI (1)	30%; PE (1), REI (4), CA (1), TR (2), LFT (1), Pn (2), WI (2)	30%; CA (1), NB (1), SPS (1), Instr (3)	20%; D (1), PO (1), WHP (1), DIARI (1)	47%; D (1), Instr (3), Co (7), PI (6)	48.1%; D (CA; 1), UTI (2), Co (6), HT (3), TIL (1), AT (2), CBP (2), Instr (1)	17.9%; I (5)	54.5%; Bl (2), WI (5), PRS (3), Instr (2)	16.7%; WI (2), Instr (1)	17.8%; WI (3), An (2)	38.5%; WI (6), Hep (4), GI (2), Pn (2)	52.5%; Pu (20), WI (1)	53.8%; WHP (3), WI (2), Instr (2),	68%; Instr (12), Inf (2)	54%; PJK (1), WI (3)

C: Colorado; CD: Cotrel-Dubousset; FVC: Forced vital capacity; G: Galveston technique; H: Harrington; HL: Harrington-Luque; L: Luque sublaminar wires; LL: Lower lumbar; P: Pelvis; PS: Pedicle screws; S: Synergies; SL: Sublaminar instrumentation; SP: Sacropelvis; USS: AO universal spine system; NA: Not available. Complications abbreviations: An: Aneamia; AT: Atelectasis; Bl: Bleeding; CA: Cardiac arrest; CBP: Convex back pain; Co: Coccygodynia; D: Death; DIAR: Deep infection and reinstrumentation; DIARI: Deep infection and removal of instrumentation; GI: Gastrointestinal; Hep: Hepatotoxicity; HT: Haemothorax; I: Ileus; Inf: Infections (not categorised); Instr: Instrumentation complication/failure; LFT: Abnormal liver function tests; NB: Neurogenic bladder; PE: Pleural effusion; PI: Prominent instrumentation; PJK: Proximal junction kyphosis; Pn: Pneumonia; PO: Pulmonary oedema; PRS: Prolonged respiratory support; Pu: Pulmonary; REI: Reintubation; RI: Revision of instrumentation; ROPI: Removal of prominent instrumentation; SPS: Sacral pressure sore; Thr: Thrombosis; TIL: Tingling in legs; TR: Tracheostomy; UTI: Urinary tract infection; WHP: Wound healing problems; WI: Wound infection; WIRI: Wound infection and retention of instrumentation; NA: Not available.