Subtalar dislocations: Mechanisms, clinical presentation and methods of reduction

Table 1 Classification of subtalar dislocation and associated mechanism of injury

Direction of dislocation	Percentage of all subtalar dislocations (%)	Position of foot at time of injury	Mechanism of injury
Medial (Calcaneus is medial to talus)	65-85[10]	Plantarflexion	“Acquired club foot”, forceful inversion of forefoot[10], foot locked in supination
Lateral (Calcaneus is lateral to talus)	15-35[18]	Plantarflexion	“Acquired flat foot”, forceful eversion of forefoot[10], foot locked in pronation
Posterior	0.8-2.5[7]	Hyper-plantarflexion	“Shortened foot”, force applied to dorsum of foot leading to hyperplantarflexion[10]
Anterior	1[19]	Hyper-dorsiflexion	“Elongated foot”, forceful foot supination and ankle dorsiflexion[20] or direct rear impact to posterior heel[21]