Background, techniques, applications, current trends, and future directions of minimally invasive endoscopic spine surgery: A review of literature

Figure 3 Direct two-dimensional endoscopic view (top of image as anatomically medial, bottom as lateral, left as cranial, and right as caudal) with dura mater exposed. A: Disc has compressed nerve ventrally; B: Disc irrigated, exposed, and removed to alleviate nerve compression; and C: Nerve has been decompressed.