Background, techniques, applications, current trends, and future directions of minimally invasive endoscopic spine surgery: A review of literature

doi:10.5312/wjo.v14.i4.197

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Apr 18, 2023 (publication date) through Nov 20, 2024

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World Journal of Orthopedics

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2218-5836

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Orthop. Apr 18, 2023; 14(4): 197-206
Published online Apr 18, 2023. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v14.i4.197

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Figure 1 Direct endoscopic view from tubular/retractor-based camera that provides a two-dimensional image on a screen with digital zoom.

Citation: Tang K, Goldman S, Avrumova F, Lebl DR. Background, techniques, applications, current trends, and future directions of minimally invasive endoscopic spine surgery: A review of literature. World J Orthop 2023; 14(4): 197-206
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v14/i4/197.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v14.i4.197