Mechanism of spinal cord injury regeneration and the effect of human neural stem cells-secretome treatment in rat model

doi:10.5312/wjo.v14.i2.64

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World Journal of Orthopedics

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2218-5836

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World J Orthop. Feb 18, 2023; 14(2): 64-82
Published online Feb 18, 2023. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v14.i2.64

Table 8 Tukey HSD test results of all biomarkers

	Biomarker	Group	Group	P value
Oxidative stress	F2-Isoprostanes	Treatment (mean = 258.40; SD = 12.45)	Normal (mean = 252.59; SD = 25.54)	0.938
Oxidative stress	F2-Isoprostanes	Treatment (mean = 258.40; SD = 12.45)	Control (mean = 338.82; SD = 36.87)	0.001
Pro-inflammatory	NF-kB	Treatment (mean = 1.400; SD = 0.254)	Normal (mean = 0.475; SD = 0.206)	0.003
	NF-kB	Treatment (mean = 1.400; SD = 0.254)	Control (mean = 2.820; SD = 0.531)	0.000
	MMP-9	Treatment (mean = 1.19; SD = 0.931)	Normal (mean = 0.160; SD = 0.213)	0.217
	MMP-9	Treatment (mean = 1.19; SD = 0.931)	Control (mean = 3.09; SD = 1.056)	0.001
	TNF-α	Treatment (mean = 171.85; SD = 35.84)	Normal (mean = 105.07; SD = 11.34)	0.002
	TNF-α	Treatment (mean = 171.85; SD = 35.84)	Control (mean = 215.14; SD = 15.38)	0.032
Anti-inflammatory	IL-10	Treatment (mean = 3.160; SD = 0.801)	Normal (mean = 0.240; SD = 0.167)	0.000
	IL-10	Treatment (mean = 3.160; SD = 0.801)	Control (mean = 1.900; SD = 0.734)	0.022
	TGF-β	Treatment (mean = 2.740; SD = 0.684)	Normal (mean = 0.260; SD = 0.181)	0.000
	TGF-β	Treatment (mean = 2.740; SD = 0.684)	Control (mean = 1.840; SD = 0.572)	0.047
Neuroangiogenesis	VEGF	Treatment (mean = 5.12; SD = 0.878)	Normal (mean = 0.220; SD = 0.130)	0.000
Neuroangiogenesis	VEGF	Treatment (mean = 5.12; SD = 0.878)	Control (mean = 2.120; SD = 0.889)	0.000
Anti-apoptotic	Bcl-2	Treatment (mean = 2.02; SD = 0.712)	Normal (mean = 0.160; SD = 0.151)	0.000
Anti-apoptotic	Bcl-2	Treatment (mean = 2.02; SD = 0.712)	Control (mean = 0.500; SD = 0.380)	0.001
Neurogenesis	Nestin	Treatment (mean = 1.96; SD = 0.610)	Normal (mean = 0.160; SD = 0.114)	0.000
	Nestin	Treatment (mean = 1.96; SD = 0.610)	Control (mean = 1.000; SD = 0.524)	0.018
	BDNF	Treatment (mean = 2.01; SD = 0.576)	Normal (mean = 0.40; SD = 0.482)	0.000
	BDNF	Treatment (mean = 2.01; SD = 0.576)	Control (mean = 0.57; SD = 0.468)	0.001
	GDNF	Treatment (mean = 3.420; SD = 2.480)	Normal (mean = 1.420; SD = 0.356)	0.000
	GDNF	Treatment (mean = 3.420; SD = 2.480)	Control (mean = 2.480; SD = 0.788)	0.043

SD: standard deviation; NF-kB: Nuclear factor-kappa B; MMP9: Metalloproteinase matrix-9; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-10: Interleukin-10; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; GDNF: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; F2-Isoprostanes: Free radical oxidative stress.

Citation: Semita IN, Utomo DN, Suroto H. Mechanism of spinal cord injury regeneration and the effect of human neural stem cells-secretome treatment in rat model. World J Orthop 2023; 14(2): 64-82
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v14/i2/64.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v14.i2.64