Evolution of evidence in spinal surgery – past, present and future Scientometric analysis of randomized controlled trials in spinal surgery

Table 5 Keyword analysis in spinal surgery

Topic	Keyword	Frequency	Centrality	Degree	Burst
1	Spine	133	0.27	22	-
	Lumbar spine	42	0.1	14	3.53
	Cervical spine	7	0.03	5	3.84
2	Spondylolisthesis	11	0.09	6	-
	Disease	9	0	5	4.7
	Spinal stenosis	7	0.01	6	-
	Stenosis	6	0	4	3.73
	Degenerative spondylolisthesis	5	0	4	-
	Herniation	5	0.01	6	-
	Intervertebral disc	5	0	2	-
	Scoliosis	5	0	2	-
3	Low back pain	104	0.2	21	-
	Pain	36	0.14	13	3.67
	Radiculopathy	10	0	4	4.35
	Sciatica	7	0.05	6	3.94
4	Surgery	208	0.2	18	-
	Fusion	91	0.3	24	-
	Spine surgery	87	0.09	14	-
	Outcome	79	0.09	16	-
	Management	62	0.16	16	7.22
	Complication	59	0.2	18	-
	Follow-up	42	0.16	19	5.11
	Diskectomy	32	0.19	19	5.65
	Spinal fusion	20	0.03	8	3.58
	Decompression	20	0.09	11	4.05
	Arthrodesis	19	0.16	14	3.48
	Interbody fusion	15	0.05	7	-
	Nonoperative treatment	14	0.02	9	7.77
	Postoperative pain	12	0	5	-
	Analgesia	8	0	2	-
	Discectomy	7	0.02	8	3.47
	Instrumentation	7	0.01	4	4.36
	Nonsurgical management	7	0.01	7	-
	Tranexamic acid	6	0	5	-
	Rehabilitation	6	0	2	-
	Bone graft	5	0	4	-
	Laminectomy	5	0	3	-
	Arthroplasty	5	0	2	-
	Total disc replacement	5	0.01	3	-
5	Efficacy	40	0.07	15	-
	Reliability	9	0.07	8	-
	Randomized controlled trial	8	0	2	-
	Risk	6	0.01	4	-
	Safety	6	0	5	-
	Children	5	0	2	-