Return to work following shoulder arthroplasty: A systematic review

Table 3 Diagnosis and surgical characteristics

Ref.	Diagnosis	Surgery	Mean time out of work (range), mo	Complications
Bülhoff et al[10], 2015	Primary OA, 154 (100%)	aTSA	NR	NR
Jawa et al[56], 2015	OA, 11 (84.6%); capsulorrhaphy arthropathy, 2 (15.4%)	aTSA	4.2 (2.9-6.0)	NR
Morris et al[55], 2015	CTA, 14; massive RCT, 8; post-traumatic malunion, 4; failed prior arthroplasty, 2	rTSA	NR	WC (4): postoperative anterior dislocation (2), intraoperative humeral shaft fracture, postoperative periprosthetic infection; NWC (2): postoperative anterior dislocation
Garcia et al[28], 2016 (rTSA)	CTA, 21 (53.5%); OA, 10 (25%); PHFx, 7 (17.5%); RA, 2 (5%)	rTSA	2.3 (0.5-11)	NR
Garcia et al[36], 2016 (HHA)	OA, 40 (50.6%); PHFx, 17 (21.5%); AVN, 11 (13.9%); CTA, 8 (10.1%); RA, 3 (3.8%)	HHA	1.4 (0.25-24)	8 complications: 4 revision HHA (2 for dislocation, 2 for periprosthetic fracture after fall); 3 HHA revised to TSA; 1 HHA revised to rTSA for continued pain/glenoid wear
Hurwit et al[11], 2017	CTA, 63 (77.8%); RA, 14 (17.2%); PHFx, 2 (2.5%)	rTSA; HHA	rTSA: 3.1; HHA: 2.3	rTSA: 20 chronic pain and stiffness/limited mobility; 1 returned to OR; HHA: 4 chronic pain and stiffness/limited mobility; 5 returned to OR
Liu et al[12], 2018	OA, 42 (81%); failed prior arthroplasty, 7 (13%); AVN, 2 (4%); RA, 1 (2%)	aTSA	2.1 (SD: 1.7)	22 complications: 17 postoperative stiffness, 6 chronic pain, 3 instability, 4 returned to OR
Kurowicki et al[41], 2018	NR	aTSA; rTSA	NR	NR
Gowd et al[48], 2019	End-stage glenohumeral OA, 53 (100%)	Hemi RR; aTSA	Hemi RR: 2.5 ± 4.8; aTSA: 1.98 ± 2.6	Hemi RR: 3 chronic pain, 1 felt unstable, 5 postoperative stiffness, 1 nagging soreness, 1 acute pain, 2 conversion to aTSA, 1 received arthroscopic debridement; aTSA: 1 chronic pain, 2 weakness, 6 postoperative stiffness, 1 subscapularis repair, 1 revision with glenoid explantation due to loosening
Cvetanovich et al[21], 2020	Glenohumeral OA, 23 (85.1%); post-traumatic OA, 4 (14.9%)	aTSA	3.7 ± 5.2	1 hematoma, 1 pulmonary embolism
Jayasekara et al[22], 20201	NR	aTSA; rTSA; HHA	NR	NR
Liu et al[49], 2020	End-stage glenohumeral OA, 49 (100%)	HHA; aTSA	HHA: 1.9 ± 2.3; aTSA: 1.3 ± 1.0	HHA: 15 chronic pain, 8 postoperative stiffness, 2 conversion to aTSA, 2 conversion to rTSA; aTSA: 3 postoperative stiffness

¹Numbers are relevant to groups who underwent total shoulder arthroplasty, reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, and hemiarthroplasty.

OA: Osteoarthritis; CTA: Cuff tear arthropathy; RCT: Rotator cuff tear; PHFx: Proximal humerus fracture; RA: Rheumatoid arthritis; AVN: Avascular necrosis; aTSA: Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty; rTSA: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty; HHA: Humeral hemiarthroplasty; TSA: Total shoulder arthroplasty; NR: Not reported; WC: Workers' compensation; NWC: Non-workers compensation; OR: Operating room.