Reducing bacterial adhesion to titanium surfaces using low intensity alternating electrical pulses

Figure 1 Design of the 12-well culture plate. A: The connection to the generator, the amplifier, and both electrodes in one of the wells of the plate. The lower electrode acted as a cathode, and the upper electrode acted as an anode; B: Photograph of the function generator with four separate connections to allow four different trials to be performed simultaneously. There are three rows of wells on the culture plate allowing tests to be triplicated.