Role of the posterior deep deltoid ligament in ankle fracture stability: A biomechanical cadaver study

Table 2 Management recommendations based on weight-bearing X-rays as suggested by Gougoulias et al[1]

Fracture type	NWB XR	WB Xray	Deep deltoid ligament	Management
SER-II	Stable	Stable	Intact (PTTL & ATTL)	Boot & WB
SER-IVa	Unstable	Stable	Partial tear (ATTL only)	WB Cast 6/52
SER-IVb	Unstable	Unstable	Ruptured (PTTL & ATTL)	ORIF

SER: Supination external-rotation; AITFL: Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament; PITFL: Posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament; ORIF: Open reduction and internal fixation; NWB: Non weight bearing; WB: Weight-bearing.