Management of proximal biceps tendon pathology

Table 2 Comparison of open biceps tenodesis versus arthroscopic biceps tenodesis

	Open approach	Arthroscopic approach
Timing and cost	Lower cost with slightly longer operation time	Higher cost with slightly lower operation time
Functional outcomes	No significant difference found between ASES, Constant, UCLA, DASH, or SST scores
Range of motion	Similar in both approaches, forward range of motion slightly higher in arthroscopic approach
Complications	Higher overall rate of complications such as wound healing issues, hematoma/seroma formation, nerve injury, deep vein thrombosis, and general anesthetic complications	Lower overall rate of complications, but higher incidence of postoperative stiffness and bicipital groove tenderness in early stages of recovery

ASES: American shoulder and elbow surgeons; DASH: Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand; SST: Simple shoulder test.