Machine learning in orthopaedic surgery

Figure 5 Convolutional neural network depiction of a knee image data set for bone and cartilage segmentation and labeling[72]. Reused with permission. Citation: Liu F, Zhou Z, Jang H, Samsonov A, Zhao G, Kijowski R. Deep convolutional neural network and 3D deformable approach for tissue segmentation in musculoskeletal magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med 2018; 79: 2379-2391.