Jones type fifth metatarsal fracture fixation in athletes: A review and current concept

Table 1 Summary of fifth metatarsal fractures

Class	Description
Zone 1	(1) Proximal tubercle avulsion; (2) Long plantar ligament leads to a lateral band of the plantar fascia or the peroneus Brevis's contraction; (3) May extend into the Cubo-metatarsal joint; and (4) Nonunion is uncommon
Zone 2 (Jones fracture)	(1) Metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction; (2) Involves the fourth and fifth metatarsal articulation; (3) Vascular watershed area; (4) Acute injury; and (5) Increased risk of nonunion
Zone 3	(1) Proximal diaphyseal fracture; (2) Distal to the fourth and fifth metatarsal articulation; (3) Stress fracture in athletes; (4) Associated with cavovarus foot deformities. or sensory neuropathies; and (5) Increased risk of nonunion