Complications in growth-friendly spinal surgeries for early-onset scoliosis: Literature review

Table 6 Number of complications analyzed in extracted papers

Ref.	Subject	Total No. of complications	No. of patients with a minimum of one complication	% of complications in all patients	% of patients with a minimum one complication	No. of complications in complicated patients	Complication rate per surgical procedure (%)	% complications requiring surgical procedures
TGR
Bess et al[15], 2010	140	171	81	122.12	57.92	2.12	19.12	43.32
Du et al[16], 2020	167	49	32	29.32,3	19.23	1.53	nd	nd
Andras et al[13], 2015	36	47	29	130.6	80.6	1.6	16.3	61.7
Myung et al[17], 2014	159	64	37	40.3	23.3	1.7	5.9	48.4
Arandi et al[18], 2014	175	146	80	83.4	45.7	1.8	11.7	39.0
Liang et al[19], 2015	55	42	23	76.42	41.82	1.82	15.42	54.82
Ramirez et al[20], 2020	67	92	41	137.3	61.2	2.2	19.9	72.8
Yamaguchi et al[21], 2014	176	44	26	25.0	14.8	1.7
Poe-Kochert et al[22], 2016	100	30	20	30.03	20.03	1.53	19.13	190.0
Kabirian et al[23], 2014	379	70	42	18.5	11.1	1.7	3.0
Johnston et al[25], 2013	27	23	12	85.2	44.4	1.9	12.8
Bachabi et al[11], 2020	50	45	33	90.02	66.02	1.42	9.42
Luhmann et al[14], 2017	18	26		144.4	nd		15.6
Akbarnia et al[10], 2014	12	25	11	208.3	91.7	2.3	34.2
Harris et al[8], 2020	353	264	141	74.8	39.9	1.9	nd	93.2
Helenius et al[9], 2018	214	216	97	100.9	45.3	2.2	11.0	61.6
VEPTR
Bachabi et al[11], 2020	22	26	18	118.2	81.8	1.4	7.9
Crews et al[27], 2018	151	26	22	17.2	14.6	1.2	8.0
Murphy et al[28], 2016	25	41	15	164.0	60.0	2.7	17.7	97.6
Gadepalli et al[26], 2011	26	36	nd	138.5	nd	nd		38.9
Berger-Groch et al[29], 2020	13	21	nd	161.5	nd	nd	11.5	23.8
Hasler et al[30], 2010	23	31	9	134.82	39.12	3.4	16.62	48.4
Latalski et al[31], 2011	12	15	8	125.02	66.72	1.9	34.12	40.0
Hell, et al[32]. 2005	15	3	3	20.0	20.0	1.0	10.7
Garg et al[33], 2014	103	33	25	32.0	24.3	1.3	nd
Waldhausen et al[34], 2016	65	37	22	56.9	33.8	1.7
Striano et al[35], 2019	166	47	40	28.3	24.1	1.2	7.0	234.0
Lucas et al[36], 2013	54	74	36	137.02	66.72	2.12	40.22	40.5
Garg et al[37], 2016	38	86		226.3	nd			69.8
MCGR
Subramanian et al[38], 2018	31	25	21	80.62	67.72	1.22	47.22	88.0
Urbański et al[39], 2020	47	17	16	36.22	34.02	1.12	28.32	76.5
Akbarnia et al[10], 2014	12	12	4	100.0	33.3	3.0	75.0	33.3
Studer et al[40], 2019	30	12	11	40.0	36.7	1.1	27.9	108.3
Kwan et al[41], 2017	30	15	14	50.0	46.7	1.1	34.1	93.3
Obid et al[42], 2020	22	12	12	54.52	54.52	1.02	26.12	41.7
Lampe et al[43], 2019	24	20	11	83.32	45.8	1.8	46.5	95.0
Haapala et al[12], 2020	18	10	6	55.6	33.3	1.7	20.0
Shilla
Haapala et al[12], 2020	13	5	5	38.5	38.5	1.0	26.3
Andras et al[13], 2015	36	69	29	191.7	80.6	2.4	68.3
Nazareth et al[44], 2020	20	31	15	155.0	75.0	2.1	75.6
Miękisiak et al[45], 2019	57	57		100.02	0.0		69.5
McCarthy et al[46], 2014	10	5	5	50.0	50.0	1.0	33.3
Luhmann et al[14], 2017	18	20		111.1	0.0		35.7
McCarthy et al[47], 2015	40	59	38	147.5	95.0	1.6	54.1

²The values of the % of unplanned surgeries in which all four complications were analyzed in the paper.

³Corresponds to the papers in which all patients were after final fusion.

TGR: Traditional growing rods; VEPTR: Vertical expandable prosthetic titanium ribs; MCGR: Magnetically controlled growing rods.