Dual antibiotic loaded bone cement in patients at high infection risks in arthroplasty: Rationale of use for prophylaxis and scientific evidence

Figure 1 In vitro biofilm inhibition experiments with different bone cement types (plain, single and dual antibiotic-loaded bone cement). A: Prophylactic anti-biofilm effect of three different antibiotic-loaded bone cements against a gentamicin and methicillin-susceptible Staphyloccus aureus strain at day 1, day 3 and day 9 on basis of three independent experiments; B: Prophylactic anti-biofilm effect of three different antibiotic-loaded bone cements against a gentamicin- and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strain on basis of three independent experiments. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, or ^cP < 0.001 respectively in comparison with PALACOS R (cement without antibiotic). G: Gentamicin; C: Clindamycin; V: Vancomycin.