Thirty-day mortality of patients with hip fracture during COVID-19 pandemic and pre-pandemic periods: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 3 Mortality and complications in hip-fractured patients treated during coronavirus disease 2019 and pre-coronavirus disease 2019 times (2020)

Study/country		Macey et al[9]/United Kingdom	Malik-Tabassum et al[38]/United Kingdom	Segarra et al[27]/Spain	Thakrar et al[19]/United Kingdom	Egol et al[20]/United States	Williams et al[28]/United Kingdom	Slullitel et al[39]/Argentina	Karayiannis et al[29]/United Kingdom
30-d mortality	Pre-COVID	10 (13%)	12 (6.89%)	9 (12.9%)	6 (6.06%)	3 (2.7%)	1 (6.6%)	0	16 (6%)
	COVID	11 (14%)	6 (8.8%)	8 (11.8%)	7 (16.3%)	17 (12.3%)	2 (13.3%)	8 (10.8%)	7 (3.4%)
	COVID +	2 (20%)	1 (100%)	NM	4 (33%)	9 (52.9%) + 2 (14.3%); Total-11 (35.4%)	NM	NM	4 (57.14%)
	COVID −	9 (13.6%)	5 (7.4%)	NM	3 (9.6%)	6 (5.6%)	NM	NM	3 (42.86%)
In-patient mortality	Pre-COVID	NM	11 (6.32%)	NM	NM	1 (0.9%)	NM	NM	NM
	COVID	NM	4 (5.9%)	NM	NM	8 (5.8%)	NM	NM	NM
Length of hospital stay (d)	Pre-COVID	Median: 12 (range, 7-26); 1mean: 14.25 ± 3.17	2018: 15.8 ± 11.4; 2019: 16.3 ± 11.4	NM	NM	5.8 ± 3.7	11.7	Median: 5 (IQR, 4-7); 1mean: 5.35 ± 2.26	NM
	COVID	Median: 11.5 (range, 6-22); 1mean: 12.75 ± 2.67	8.6 ± 4.6	NM	NM	5.8 ± 3.8	6.2	Median: 6 (IQR, 5-8); 1mean: 6.35 ± 2.26	NM
Major complications	Pre-COVID	11 (14.5%)	17 (9.7%)	NM	NM	10 (8.7%)	NM	10 (11.6%)	NM
	COVID	17 (22.4%)	3 (4.5%)	NM	NM	28 (20.3%)	NM	16 (21.6%)	NM
Pulmonary complications/pneumonia/ respiratory infection	Pre-COVID	8 (10.95%)	NM	NM	NM	NM	2 (13.3%)	2 (2.32%)	NM
	COVID	15 (20.54%)	NM	NM	NM	NM	0	0	NM
Deep vein thrombus/pulmonary embolism	Pre-COVID	1 (1.36%)	2 (1.14%)	NM	NM	NM	NM	0	NM
	COVID	0	1 (1.47%)	NM	NM	NM	NM	5 (6.75%)	NM

¹Indicates that the mean has been calculated from the median value and interquartile range/range. COVID: Coronavirus disease 2019; COVID +: Coronavirus disease 2019 infected; COVID −: Coronavirus disease 2019 non-infected; NM: Not mentioned; IQR: Interquartile range.