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©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Orthop. Jul 18, 2020; 11(7): 328-344
Published online Jul 18, 2020. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v11.i7.328
Published online Jul 18, 2020. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v11.i7.328
Table 1 Descriptive summaries of the identified studies investigating the effect of oxysterols on bone formation in spinal fusion models (n = 5)
| Ref. (level of evidence) | Species (n) | Surgical model and scaffold(s) used | Experimental groups (n) | Assessment method and time point | Fusion rate (no. fused/total) |
| Johnson et al[21], 2011 (V) | Rat (n = 59) | L4–L5 PLF using a collagen sponge supplemented with Oxy341, Oxy49, or rhBMP-2 | A. DMSO only (control) (n = 9) | No motion bilaterally via manual palpation at 9 wk post-operatively | A. 0% (0/9) |
| B. 5-μg rhBMP-2 (n = 10) | B. 100% (10/10) | ||||
| C. 0.2-mg Oxy34 (n = 10) | C. 0% (0/10) | ||||
| D. 2-mg Oxy34 (n = 10) | D. 50% (5/10) | ||||
| E. 20-mg Oxy34 (n = 10) | E. 100% (10/10) | ||||
| F. 20-mg Oxy49 (n = 10) | F. 100% (10/10) | ||||
| Stappenbeck et al[20], 2012 (V) | Rat (n = 30) | L4-L5 PLF using a collagen sponge supplemented with Oxy41, Oxy18, or Oxy212 | A. 2-mg Oxy4 (n = 10) | Fusion rate was not reported; however, via μ-computed tomographic analysis, treatment with Oxy21 led to significantly larger de novo bone volumes compared to treatment with Oxy4, which was comparable to treatment with Oxy18 | |
| B. 2-mg Oxy18 (n = 10) | |||||
| C. 2-mg Oxy21 (n = 10) | |||||
| Montgomery et al[19], 2014 (V) | Rat (n = 38) | L4-L5 PLF using a collagen sponge supplemented with Oxy1332 or rhBMP-2 | A. DMSO only (control) (n = 7) | No motion bilaterally via manual palpation at 8 wk post-operatively | A. 0% (0/7) |
| B. 5-μg rhBMP-2 (n = 8) | B. 100% (8/8) | ||||
| C. 0.2-mg Oxy133 (n = 8) | C. 0% (0/8) | ||||
| D. 2-mg Oxy133 (n = 8) | D. 50% (4/8) | ||||
| E. 20-mg Oxy133 (n = 7) | E. 86% (6/7) | ||||
| Scott et al[31], 2015 (V) | Rabbit (n = 22) | L4-L5 PLF using iliac crest autograft supplemented with Oxy133 or rhBMP-2 | A. Saline only (control) (n = 5) | No motion bilaterally via manual palpation at 8 wk post-operatively | A. 0% (0/5) |
| B. 30-μg rhBMP-2 (n = 6) | B. 83.3% (5/6) | ||||
| C. 20-mg Oxy133 (n = 6) | C. 83.3% (5/6) | ||||
| D. 60-mg Oxy133 (n = 5) | D. 80% (4/5) | ||||
| Buser et al[33], 2017 (V) | Rat (n = 64) | L3-L5 posterolateral fusion (PLF) using a collagen sponge supplemented with Oxy133 and/or rhBMP-2 | A. DMSO only (control) (n = 32, 8 rats/4 segments each) | No motion at the operated segment via manual palpation at 8 wk post-operatively | A. 0% (0/32) |
| B. 0.5-µg rhBMP-2 (n = 32, 8 rats/4 segments each) | B. 69% (22/32) | ||||
| C. 5-µg rhBMP-2 (n = 32, 8 rats/4 segments each) | C. 100% (32/32) | ||||
| D. 5-mg Oxy133 (n = 32, 8 rats/4 segments each) | D. 100% (32/32) | ||||
| E. 20-mg Oxy133 (n = 32, 8 rats/4 segments each) | E. 100% (32/32) | ||||
| F. 0.5-µg rhBMP2 + 5-mg Oxy133 (n = 32, 8 rats/4 segments each) | F. 100% (32/32) | ||||
| G. 0.5-µg rhBMP2 + 20-mg Oxy133 (n = 32, 8 rats/4 segments each) | G. 100% (32/32) | ||||
| H. 5-µg rhBMP2 + 20-mg Oxy133 (n = 32, 8 rats/4 segments each) | H: 100% (32/32) | ||||
- Citation: Cottrill E, Lazzari J, Pennington Z, Ehresman J, Schilling A, Dirckx N, Theodore N, Sciubba D, Witham T. Oxysterols as promising small molecules for bone tissue engineering: Systematic review. World J Orthop 2020; 11(7): 328-344
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2218-5836/full/v11/i7/328.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v11.i7.328