Postoperative delirium after major orthopedic surgery

Table 3 Total hip arthroplasty patient demographics and study population¹

	POD (Mean +/- SD or n, %), n = 140	Non-POD (Mean +/- SD or n, %), n = 18232	P value
Age, yr	77.6+/-10.4	65.5+/-11.4	< 0.001a
≥ 70	112 (80.0)	6499 (35.65)	< 0.001a
Male	57 (40.7)	7891 (43.28)	0.54
BMI	26.7+/-5.2	28.4+/-5.8	< 0.001a
Length of stay	6.1+/-4.0	3.3+/-1.5	< 0.001a
Latest creatinine before surgery			< 0.001a
< 1.2 mg/dL	107 (76.4)	16376 (89.8)
1.2-2.0 mg/dL	29 (20.7)	1781 (9.8)
> 2.0 mg/dL	4 (2.9)	75 (0.4)
Preoperative hyponatremia			< 0.001a
Yes	40 (28.6)	2525 (13.9)
No	100 (71.4)	15700 (86.1)
Missing	0 (0)	7 (0.04)
Postoperative thiamine order			< 0.001a
Yes	17 (12.1)	387 (2.1)
No	123 (87.9)	17844 (97.9)
Missing	0 (0)	1 (0.01)
Atrial fibrillation (present on admission)	5 (3.6)	119 (0.7)	< 0.001a
Pressure ulcers (present on admission)	1 (0.7)	47 (0.3)	0.31
Opioid dependence or long-term use	9 (6.4)	199 (1.1)	< 0.001a
Psychiatric disease (present on admission)	47 (33.6)	3584 (19.7)	< 0.001a
Anesthesia type			0.55
General	4 (2.7)	384 (2.1)
Other	136 (97.1)	17805 (97.7)
Missing	0 (0)	40 (0.2)
Patient-controlled analgesia			< 0.001a
Epidural	102 (72.9)	14235 (78.1)
IV	24 (17.1)	1306 (7.2)
Missing	14 (10)	2691 (14.8)
Received diazepam			0.03a
Yes	8 (5.7)	453 (2.5)
No	132 (94.3)	17778 (97.5)
Missing	0 (0)	1 (0.01)
CT, MRI or both performed			0.009a
Yes	127 (90.7)	15616 (85.7)
No	13 (9.3)	2615 (14.3)
Missing	0 (0)	1 (0.01)
ASA score			< 0.001a
2	73 (52.1)	14667 (80.5)
≥ 3	67 (47.9)	3519 (19.3)
Missing	0 (0)	46 (0.25)

¹Only includes total hip arthroplasty patients with American society of anesthesiologists score of 2 or higher.

^aP value < 0.05. POD: Postoperative delirium; ASA: American society of anesthesiologists; CT: Computed tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; BMI: Body mass index; SD: Standard deviation.