Return to sport following scaphoid fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 3 Scaphoid fractures - only fractures with follow-up data included (mean values unless otherwise stated).

Ref.	n	Mean follow-up	Coleman score	Return Rate	Return rate by treatment modality	Return rate to same level of sport	Return time (range)	Return time (range) by treatment modality	Rate of union	Time to union (range)	Complications by treatment modality
Adolfsson et al[10] (2001)	5	-	70	5/5	C: 2/2; S: 3/3	C: 2/2; S: 3/3	8.2 (6-12) wk	C: 11.5 (11-12) wk; S: 6 wk	C: 2/2; S: 3/3	C: N/A; S: N/A	C: Persistent radial border wrist pain (1); S: Nil
Bedi et al[25] (2007)	6	98 (12-272) wk	64	5/6	S: 5/6	S: 5/6	N/A	S: N/A	S: N/A	S: N/A	S: Non-union (6%) ; Scar sensitivity (6%)
Ellsasser & Stein[27] (1979)	2	-	42	2/2	C: 2/2	C: 2/2	0 wk	C: 0 wk	S: N/A	S: N/A	C: Nil
Huene[28] (1979)	4	-	48	4/4	S: 4/4	S: 4/4	7 (6-8) wk	S: 7 (6-8) wk	S: N/A	S: N/A	S: SRNN (40%)
McQueen et al[9] (2008)	55	1 yr	82	53/55	C: 26/27; S: 27/28	C: 26/27; S: 27/28	10.9 (2-26) wk	C: 15.5 (6-26) wk; S: 6.4 (2-20) wk	C: 23/27; S: 27/28	C: 13.9 (8-36) wk; S: 9.2 (8-18) wk	C: Non-union (4); Malunion (3); AVN (2); CRPS (1); Radioscaphoid OA(1); S: Peri-operative breakage of the cannulated screwdriver (2) Symptomatic metalwork (1); Non-union (1)
Muramatsu et al[24] (2002)	10	-	66	10/10	S: 10/10	n/a	10.7 (6-13) wk	S: 10.7 (6-13) wk	S: 10/10	S: 9.2 (6–16) wk	S: nil
Rettig et al[22] (1994)	30	C: 48.7 (9-136) wk; S: 49.3 (5-164) wk	63	29/30 (96.7%)	C: 11/12; S: 18/18	n/a	6.6 (0-21) wk	C: 4.3 (0-10) wk; S: 8 (3-21) wk	C: 11/12; S: 18/18	C: 14.2 (8-26) wk; S: 11.2 (4-24) wk	C: Non-union (1); S: nil
Rettig & Kollias[23] (1996)	12	2.9 yr	66	12/12 (100%)	S: 12/12	S: 12/12	5.8 (1-10) wk	S: 5.8 (1-10) wk	S: 11/12	S: 9.8 (6-18) wk	S: Non-union (1)
Riester et al[21] (1985)	14	47 mo (3.9 yr)	65	12/14	C: 12/14 (85.7%)	C: 12/14	0 wk	C: 0 (0-0) wk	C: 11/14	C: N/A	C: Non-union (3) (of which 2 patients required surgical intervention)
Robertson et al[26] (2012)	20	30 (24-36) mo	44	16/20	C: 14/181; S: 2/2	C: 13/181; S: 2/2	12.2 (6-24) wk	C: 12.7 (6-24) wk; S: 8.5 (8-9) wk	C: N/A; S: N/A	C: N/A; S: N/A	C: Non-union (3) (all 3 patient required delayed conversion to surgical fixation); S: Nil
Robertson et al[29] (2014)	2	40 (34-46) mo	44	2/2	C: 2/2	C 2/2	4 (4-4) wk	C: 4 (4-4) wk	C: N/A	C: N/A	C: Nil

¹Three fractures initially treated conservatively developed non-union and required conversion to surgical treatment. 2 of these returned to soccer post-surgery. N/A: No data available; S: Surgical management; C: Conservative management; SRNN: Superficial radial nerve neuropraxia; AVN: Avascular necrosis; CRPS: Complex regional pain syndrome; OA: Osteoarthritis.