Return to sport following scaphoid fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Characteristics of the included studies

Ref.	Study location	n	Fracture type/ location	Gender (count)	Mean age	Study design	Treatment	Sport activity	Level of sport
Adolfsson et al[10] (2001)	Linkoping & Lund, Sweden	5	Waist (5)	N/A	31 (15-75)	RCT	PSF (3); Conservative (2)	Soccer (3); Swimming (1); Squash (1)	National level
Bedi et al[25] (2007)	Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States	6	B2 (6)	N/A	25 (16-62)	RCS	ORIF (6)	Sport (6)	Collegiate/ Professional
Ellsasser and Stein[27] (1979)	St. Louis, Missouri, United States	2	-	M: 2	N/A	CS	Conservative (2); Returned immediately	American football (2)	Professional
Huene[28] (1979)	Fresno, California, United States	4	-	N/A	N/A	CS	ORIF (4)	Sport (4)	N/A
McQueen et al[9] (2008)	Edinburgh, United Kingdom	55	B1 (1); B2 (54)	M: 50 F: 10	29.4 (17-65)	RCT	PSF (28); Conservative (27)	N/A	N/A
Muramatsu et al[24] (2002)	Yamaguchi, Japan	10	A2 (3); B2 (6); B3 (1)	M: 10	17.3 (13-22)	RCS	ORIF (10)	Badminton (1); Baseball (2); Basketball (2); Boxing (2); Handball (1); Judo (2); Rugby (1); Soccer (16); Tennis (1); Track (2)	N/A
Rettig et al[22] (1994)	Indianapolis, Indiana, United States	30	MT (30)	M: 25 F: 5	18.3	RCS	ORIF (18); Conservative (12); Returned immediately	Sport (30)	N/A
Rettig and Kollias[23] (1996)	Indianapolis, Indiana, United States	12	MT (10) PT (2)	M: 11 F: 1	21 (17-31)	RCS	ORIF (12)	Baseball (2); Basketball (8); Archery (2)	N/A
Riester et al[21] (1985)	Syracuse, New York, United States	14	MT (11) PT (3)	M: 13 F: 1	N/A	RCS	Conservative (14); Returned immediately	American Football (12); Basketball (1); Soccer (1)	Intercollegiate/ High school
Robertson et al[26] (2012)	Edinburgh, United Kingdom	20	MT (11); PT (4); DT (5)	M: 20	26.1	RCS	PSF (2); Conservative (18)	Soccer (20)	N/A
Robertson et al[29] (2014)	Edinburgh, United Kingdom	2	MT (1); DT (1)	M: 2	21	CS	Conservative (2)	Rugby (2)	N/A

RCT: Randomised controlled trial; RCS: Retrospective cohort study; CS: Case series; ORIF: Open reduction and internal fixation; PSF: Percutaneous surgical fixation; M: Male; F: Female; N/A: No data available; MT: Middle third; PT: Proximal third; DT: Distal third; A2: Stable waist fracture; B1: Unstable distal oblique fracture; B2: Unstable waist fracture; B3: Unstable proximal pole fracture; S: Surgical management; C: Conservative management.