Immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer: Unleash its potential through novel combinations

Figure 2 Immunotherapy basics. Anti-PD-L1 inhibit PD-L1 (programmed cell death-ligand 1) binding to PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein-1). Anti-PD-1 inhibit PD-1 on T-cell that binds to PD-L1 or PD-L2 (programmed cell death ligand-2) on APC (antigen presenting cell). Anti-CTLA-4 (anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4) inhibit CD28 (cluster differentiation 28) on T cell that binds to B7-1 or B7-2 (ligand of CD28) on APC.