Cigarette smoking, dietary habits and genetic polymorphisms in GSTT1, GSTM1 and CYP1A1 metabolic genes: A case-control study in oncohematological diseases

Table 3 Association between tobacco, dietary habits, xenobiotic metabolizing genes polymorphisms, and oncohematological diseases n (%)

	Cases n = 125	Controls n =310	OR (95%CI)	P
Tobacco smoking status
Never	49 (39.8)	142 (46.4)	Ref.
Former	47 (38.2)	100 (32.7)	1.36 (0.84-2.19)	0.202
Current	27 (22)	64 (20.9)	1.22 (0.70-2.13)	0.478
Consumption of canned food
0-2 times/wk	121 (96.8)	292 (94.8)	Ref.	0.370
3 or more times/wk	4 (3.2)	16 (5.2)	0.60 (0.14-1.92)
Consumption of grilled/barbecued meat
0-2 times/mo	69 (55.2)	217 (70.7)	Ref.	0.0211
3 or more times/mo	56 (44.8)	90 (29.3)	1.72 (1.08-2.75)
Alcohol drinking
0-3 times/wk	110 (88)	268 (86.5)	Ref.	0.665
4 or more times/wk	15 (12)	42 (13.5)	0.87 (0.43-1.68)
Consumption of coffee
< 1 cup/d	90 (72)	259 (83.5)	Ref.	0.0371
1 or more cups/d	35 (28)	51 (16.5)	1.77 (1.03-3.03)
GSTT1
Presence	100 (82)	245 (81.7)	Ref.	0.942
Null	22 (18)	55 (18.3)	0.98 (0.54-1.74)
GSTM1
Presence	61 (50)	160 (53.3)	Ref.	0.534
Null	61 (50)	140 (46.7)	1.14 (0.73-1.78)
CYP1A1
TT	64 (52.5)	140 (46.7)	Ref.	0.280
TC + CC	58 (47.5)	160 (53.3)	0.79 (0.51-1.24)

¹Adjusted for age, sex, and educational level. P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Ref.: Reference category.