Review of anticancer mechanisms of isoquercitin

Table 1 Studies performed to elucidate bioavailability of isoquercitin and time to attain peak plasma time

Ref.	Animal	Ingestion form	Compound	Peak plasma time (min)		Half-life of excretion (min)
				First	Maximum
Olthof et al[15], 2000	Human	Pure compound	Isoquercitin	-	37 ± 12	1110 ± 48
Chang et al[17], 2005	Rat	Pure compound	Isoquercitin	-	10	-
Lesser et al[18], 2006	Pig	Standard diet	Quercitin (standard)	± 30	95	-
			Quercitin (high fat content)		65
Lan et al[19], 2007	Rat	Pure compound	Quercitin	-	114-294	-
Krogholm et al[20], 2010	Human	"Juice mix"	Quercitin	-	216 ± 96	-
Berger et al[21], 2012	Cow	Standard diet	Quercitin	-	30.0 ± 0.0	-
Gohlke et al[22], 2013	Cow	Standard diet	Quercitin	60-90	About 115	-
Cermak et al[23], 2003	Pig	Standard diet (supplemented)	Isoquercitin (standard)	< 60	210	-
			Isoquercitin (high fat content)	> 90	30
			Quercitin	-	120	-
Lesser et al[12], 2004	Pig	Diet (different % of fat)	Isoquercitin (3%)	30	70 ± 7.9	-
			-32%		45.0 ± 7.9
			Quercitin (3%)	-	102.9 ± 8.0	-
			-32%		51.4 ± 8.0
Wiczkowski et al[24], 2008	Human	Shallot flesh	Isoquercitin	15	13980 ± 30	-
		Dry shallot skin	Quercitin	15	16680 ± 9	-
Reinboth et al[16], 2010	Dog	Standard diet (supplemented)	Isoquercitin	48	246	-
			Quercitin	72	234	-
Lee et al[25], 2012	Human	Mixture of apple peel and onion powder enriched applesauce	Isoquercitin	-	144 ± 90	-
			+
			Quercitin	-	144 ± 90	-