Positron emission tomography to assess hypoxia and perfusion in lung cancer

Table 3 Hypoxia tracer studies in lung cancer

Tracer1	Year	Authors	N2	Stage	Time3	Duration4	Measure5	Therapy6
[60Cu]ATSM	2003	Dehdashti et al[86]	18	I-IV	30 min	30 min	T/M	Radiation
								Chemoradiation, chemotherapy
[62Cu]ATSM	2000	Takahashi et al[79]	6	NA	10 min	10 min	T/B
	2008	Wong et al[80]	2	NA	15 min	5 min	SUV
	2009	Lohith et al[67]	13	I-IV	10 min	10 min	SUVmean
	2013	Zhang et al[81]	5	I-IV	15 min	5 min	SUVhypoxia/perfusion7
[18F]FAZA	2009	Postema et al[180]	13	NA	2-3 h	3-4 min	T/Bg
	2013	Trinkaus et al[58]	11	III	4 h	30 min	T/Bg	Chemoradiation
	2013	Bollineni et al[181]	11	III-IV	2 h	NA	T/Bg
	2013	Verwer et al[59]	9	NA	0 h	70 min8	VT9
[18F]FETNIM	2010	Li et al[84]	26	III	2 h	20 min	T/Bmax	Radiation
								Chemotherapy
	2013	Hu et al[85]	25	II	2 h	NA	T/Me	Chemotherapy
[18F]FMISO	1995	Koh et al[87]	14	III	2 h	40 min	T/B	Radiation
	1996	Rasey et al[220]	21	III-IV	2 h	40 min	T/B
	2005	Eschmann et al[77]	8	III-IV	4 h	NA	T/Me	Radiation
	2006	Cherk et al[212]	21	I-II	2 h	NA	SUVmax
	2006	Gagel et al[82]	8	III-IV	3 h	30 min	SUV, T/M	Chemoradiation
	2011	Vera et al[83]	7	III	3 h	NA	SUVmax	Chemoradiation Chemotherapy
[18F]FRP170	2007	Kaneta et al[252]	3	NA	0 h	60 min8	SUV TAC
[18F]HX4	2010	van Loon et al[253]	4	IV	2 h	NA	T/B
	2013	Zegers et al[78]	15	II-IV	4 h	30 min	T/B

¹Refer to Table 2 for full tracer names;

²Number of lung cancer patients (evaluable scans);

³Start time after injection of the positron emission tomography (PET) frame that was used for quantification;

⁴Duration of the PET frame that was used for quantification;

⁵(Semi)quantitative measure used for evaluation;

⁶Evaluated therapy;

⁷Hypoxia marker uptake normalized to perfusion marker uptake: mean (SUV[Cu]ATSM/SUV[Cu]PTSM);

⁸Dynamic PET data used for quantification;

⁹Volume of distribution derived from full pharmacokinetic modeling. NA: Data not available; SUV: Standardized uptake value; T/M: Tumor-to muscle ratio; T/Me: Tumor-to-mediastinum ratio; T/B: Tumor-to-blood ratio; T/Bg: Tumor-to-background ratio; VT: Volume of distribution; TAC: Time activity curve.