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Copyright ©2011 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Clin Oncol. Jan 10, 2011; 2(1): 28-43
Published online Jan 10, 2011. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v2.i1.28
Table 2b Tumor node metastasis Staging (appendix, colon, rectum)
AppendixColon/rectum
TxPrimary Tumor cannot be assessedPrimary Tumor cannot be assessed
T0No evidence of primary tumorNo evidence of primary tumor
T1Tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa and </= 1 cmTumor invades mucosa or submucosa, T1a < 1 cm, T1b 1-2 cm
T2Tumor invades submucosa, muscularis propria and/or minimally (up to 3 mm) invading subserosa/mesoappendix and </= 2 cmTumor invades muscularis propria or > 2 cm
T3Tumor > 2 cm and/or invasion (more than 3 mm) of the serosa/ mesoappendixTumor invades subserosa/pericolic/perirectal fat
T4Tumors invade peritoneum/other organsTumor directly invades other organs and/or perforates visceral peritoneum
NxRegional lymph nodes cannot be assessedRegional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
N0No regional lymph node metastasisNo regional lymph node metastasis
N1Regional lymph node metastasisRegional lymph node metastasis
MxDistant metastasis cannot be assessedDistant metastasis cannot be assessed
M0No distant metastasisNo distant metastasis
M1Distant metastasisDistant metastasis