Prevalence of malignant neoplasms in celiac disease patients - a nationwide United States population-based study

Table 2 Prevalence of malignant neoplasms in celiac disease vs matched (age-, sex-, race) non-celiac disease patients, National Inpatient Sample 2000-2019

Neoplasm type	CeD cases	CeD controls	OR (95%CI)	P value
	Unweighted (n = 108052), 50%, n (%)	Unweighted (n = 108052), 50%, n (%)
All malignant neoplasm	15884 (14.70)	14125 (13.07)	1.15 (1.12-1.18)	< 0.0001
Positive association
Stomach	179 (0.17)	133 (0.12)	1.35 (1.08-1.69)	0.0092
Small intestine	177 (0.16)	23 (0.02)	7.71 (5.0-11.9)	< 0.0001
Liver	261 (0.24)	143 (0.13)	1.83 (1.49-2.24)	< 0.0001
Biliary	90 (0.08)	65 (0.06)	1.39 (1.01-1.91)	0.0446
Other GI organs	87 (0.08)	43 (0.04)	2.02 (1.41-2.92)	< 0.0001
Thyroid	474 (0.44)	259 (0.24)	1.84 (1.58-2.13)	< 0.0001
Pancreas	358 (0.33)	235 (0.22)	1.53 (1.29-1.80)	< 0.0001
Melanoma skin	552 (0.51)	359 (0.33)	1.54 (1.35-1.76)	< 0.0001
Nonmelanoma skin (all other skin excluding melanoma)	1441 (1.33)	735 (0.68)	1.97 (1.81-2.16)	< 0.0001
Other neuroendocrine tumors	74 (0.07)	50 (0.05)	1.48 (1.03-2.12)	0.0311
Lymphoma	1861 (1.72)	912 (0.84)	2.06 (1.90-2.23)	< 0.0001
Leukemia	835 (0.77)	742 (0.69)	1.13 (1.02-1.25)	0.0187
Myelodysplastic syndrome	397 (0.37)	216 (0.20)	1.84 (1.55-2.17)	< 0.0001
Uterus	562 (0.52)	482 (0.45)	1.17 (1.03-1.32)	0.0131
Prostate	1421 (1.32)	1247 (1.15)	1.14 (1.06-1.23)	0.0007
Testis	84 (0.08)	56 (0.05)	1.50 (1.07-2.10)	0.0179
Negative association
Respiratory	1244 (1.15)	1813 (1.68)	0.68 (0.63-0.73)	< 0.0001
Secondary malignancies	2199 (2.04)	2846 (2.63)	0.76 (0.73-0.81)	< 0.0001
Urinary	952 (0.88)	1053 (0.97)	0.90 (0.83-0.99)	0.0234
Null association
Head and neck	272 (0.25)	314 (0.29)	0.87 (0.74-1.02)	0.0823
Nervous system	227 (0.21)	257 (0.24)	0.88 (0.74-1.06)	0.1722
Esophagus	152 (0.14)	125 (0.12)	1.22 (0.96-1.54)	0.1045
Colorectal	1752 (1.62)	1774 (1.64)	0.99 (0.93-1.06)	0.7087
Anus	21 (0.02)	26 (0.02)	0.81 (0.45-1.44)	0.4658
Breast	2844 (2.63)	2919 (2.70)	0.98 (0.92-1.03)	0.3166
Other endocrine (excluding thyroid and pancreas)	25 (0.02)	30 (0.03)	0.83 (0.49-1.41)	0.5001
Malignant carcinoid tumor - small intestine	14 (0.01)	13 (0.01)	1.08 (0.51-2.29)	0.8474
Malignant carcinoid tumor - large intestine	5 (0.005)	6 (0.005)	0.83 (0.25-2.73)	0.7630
Bone and connective tissues	134 (0.12)	161 (0.15)	0.83 (0.66-1.04)	0.1157
Myeloma	313 (0.29)	274 (0.25)	1.14 (0.97-1.34)	0.1070
Cervix	448 (0.41)	418 (0.39)	1.07 (0.94-1.22)	0.3070
Ovary	472 (0.44)	430 (0.40)	1.10 (0.96-1.25)	0.1611
Other female genital organs	126 (0.12)	139 (0.13)	0.91 (0.71-1.15)	0.4242
Other male genital organs	11 (0.01)	4 (0.004)	2.75 (0.88-8.63)	0.0707

CeD: Celiac disease; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; GI: Gastrointestinal.