Overview of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome in myeloproliferative neoplasms

Table 1 Relevant results on the interaction between dyslipidemia and other metabolic disturbances and thrombosis or other factors in myeloproliferative neoplasm

Ref.	Study sample	MPN subtypes	Main findings
Pedersen et al[33]	116728	Not specified	↓ Apolipoprotein A1 (HR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.22-2.08; P < 0.001) = ↑ risk of MPNs
Pedersen et al[33]	116728	Not specified	↓ HDL-C (HR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.22-2.26; P < 0.001) = ↑ risk of MPNs
Zhang et al[34]	1537	PV, ET, PMF	↑ Rates of dyslipidemia in MPNs individuals with thrombotic events vs thrombosis-free (62.1% vs 37.9%; P < 0.0001)
García-Fortes et al[36]	668	PMF, post-PV MF, post-ET MF	Negative association of survival and dyslipidemia in MF (HR = 4.65, 95%CI: 3.11-6.95; P < 0.001)
Stein et al[38]	164	PV, ET, PMF	Association of dyslipidemia and history of thrombotic events (OR = 2.31, 95%CI: 1.00-5.34; P = 0.05) in JAK2V617F-positive MPNs
Gu et al[39]	567	PV	CVRFs (including dyslipidemia) = predictors of thrombosis after MPN diagnosis (HR = 4.22, 95%CI: 2.00-8.92; P < 0.001)
Horvat et al[40]	258	PV, ET, PMF	Association between dyslipidemia and vascular events (OR = 3.5, 95%CI: 1.8-6.8; P < 0.001), arterial thrombosis (OR = 4.1, 95%CI: 2.0-8.3; P < 0.001), venous thrombosis (OR = 1.5, 95%CI: 0.5-4.5; P = 0.330), arterial thrombosis in ET (OR = 4.5, 95%CI: 1.6-12.6; P = 0.006), and PMF (OR = 6.1, 95%CI: 1.1-33.6; P = 0.046)
Furuya et al[41]	580	ET	↑ TG positively associated with thrombotic events in ET (HR = 3.530, 95%CI: 1.630-7.643; P < 0.001)
Furuya et al[41]	580	ET	LDL-C concentrations marginally associated with vascular events in ET (HR = 2.191, 95%CI: 0.966-4.971; P = 0.061)
Furuya et al[41]	580	ET	↑ TG = only CVRF associated with thrombosis in ET (HR = 3.364, 95%CI: 1.541-7.346; P = 0.002)
Furuya et al[41]	580	ET	TG ≥ 106.19 mg/dL = ↓ thrombosis-free survival in ET (HR = 2.592; P = 0.026)
Košťál et al[42]	1142	PV, ET, PMF	Hypertriglyceridemia not hypercholesterolemia = RF for cerebrovascular events (HR = 1.734, 95%CI: 1.162-2.586; P = 0.008)
Košťál et al[42]	1142	PV, ET, PMF	Hypertriglyceridemia and not hypercholesterolemia = RF for cerebrovascular events in MPNs without cytoreductive treatment (OR = 2.265, 95%CI: 1.188-4.318; P = 0.015)
Hashimoto et al[45]	1152	ET	Hypertriglyceridemia predicts thrombosis-free survival (HR = 3.018, 95%CI: 1.644-5.540; P < 0.001)
Hashimoto et al[45]	1152	ET	↑ LDL-C marginally predicts thrombosis-free survival (HR = 1.722, 95%CI: 0.979-3.029; P = 0.059)
Benevolo et al[47]	816	PV	overweight/obese PV = ↓ post-PV MF rates (HR = 0.38, 95%CI = 0.15-0.94; P = 0.04)
Benevolo et al[47]	816	PV	overweight/obese PV = ↑ survival rates (HR = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.18-0.97; P = 0.04)
Christensen et al[48]	3114	PV, ET, PMF	obesity + MPNs = ↑ symptom burden & ↓ QoL vs normal-weight MPNs

CI: Confidence interval; CVRFs: Cardiovascular risk factors; ET: Essential thrombocythemia; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HR: Hazard ratio; MF: Myelofibrosis; MPNs: Myeloproliferative neoplasms; OR: Odds ratio; PMF: Primary myelofibrosis; PV: Polycythemia vera; QoL: Quality of life; RF: Risk factor; ↑ increased/elevated; ↓: Reduced/decreased.