Gallbladder cancer: Progress in the Indian subcontinent

Table 2 Studies on genetics and polymorphism in gall bladder cancer

Serial No.	Sample size	Findings	Ref.
1	-	IGF-MAPK cascade, p38 MAPK pathway, p53 pathway, and FAS signaling pathway as highly enriched among dysregulated miRNAs in GBC	Saxena et al[51]
2	-	PARP1 rs1136410 (A/G) associated with early onset of GBC	Anjali et al[52]
3	GBC (29), controls (29)	VEGF-A expression can be used as potential prognostic biomarker in GBC	Singh et al[53]
4	-	Studied the prognostic significance of the oxidative stress marker 8-OH-dG and genes associated with the BER pathway	Singh et al[54]
5	GBC (25)	In gallbladder cancer patients, mutations were identified in both P53 and codon 12 of KRAS	Shukla et al[55]
6	-	Mutations in the sorcin gene associated with poor overall survival in GBC	Shabnam et al[56]
7	GBC (523), controls (274)	Studied the TERT-CLPTM1L and 8q24 Genetic Variants in GBC	Yadav et al[57]
8	GBC (50)	Individual and repetitive mutations of shh gene in GBC can be used as diagnostic marker	Dixit et al[58]
9	GBC (50)	Overexpression of Her2/neu and Ki67 in gallbladder cancer associated with lymph node metastasis	Pujani et al[59]
10	GBC (541), controls (307)	KRAS rs61764370 polymorphism is significantly associated with GBC	Kazmi et al[60]
11	-	Studied Epigenetic silencing of APC in advanced GBC.	Tekcham et al[61]
12	GBC (24)	Found 7 hypermethylated or down-regulated (e.g., FBN1, LPP, and SOD3) and 61 hypomethylated or up-regulated markers (e.g., HBE1, SNRPF, TPD52) for GBC	Sharma et al[62]
13	Cases (50)	The level of EGFR expression correlates with the aggressiveness of the disease	Kumar et al[63]
14	GBC (52)	Tγδ17 could serve as a potential predictive biomarker in GBC	Patil et al[64]
15	GBC (30)	The MTHFR A1298C polymorphism associated with development of GBC	Dixit et al[65]
16	GBC (37)	Telomere dysfunction and alterations are the earlier events in progression of GBC	Poojary et al[66]
17	GBC (148), controls (256)	CYP-17 gene polymorphism is associated with risk of gallbladder cancer	Dwivedi et al[67]
18	-	LXR-β polymorphisms associated with GBC	Sharma et al[68]
19	GBC (195), controls (300)	Vascular endothelial growth factor single nucleotide polymorphism associated with GBC	Mishra et al[69]
20	GBC (35)	mitochondrial D-loop mutation associated with GBC	Maurya et al[70]
21	GBC (410), controls (210)	Estrogen and progesterone receptor sequence associated with increased risk of GBC	Srivastava et al[71]
22	-	KRAS p.Q25H polymorphism associated with development of GBC	Parmanik et al[72]
23	GBC (230), controls (230)	Caspase-8 polymorphisms associated with GBC	Srivastava et al[73]
24	GBC (51)	p53 mutation are early events in the evolution of GBC	Agrawal et al[74]
25	GBC (185), controls (195)	CYP7A1 haplotype associated with GBC	Srivastava et al[75]
26	GBC (230), controls (230)	The role of pre-microRNA variants in GBC uncertain	Srivastava et al[76]
27	GBC (62)	Most common alteration in the p53 was frameshift mutation at codon 271	Nigam et al[77]
28	GBC (40)	High LOH in CDH1 associated with pathogenesis of GBC	Priya et al[78]
29	GBC (212), controls (219)	Studied the DNMT3B -579 G > T promoter polymorphism	Srivastava et al[79]
30	GBC (233), controls (260)	Angiotensin I-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism associated with GBC	Srivastava et al[80]
31	GBC (126), controls (190)	Role of DNA repair pathways GB carcinogenesis	Srivastava et al[81]
32	GBC (171), controls (221)	Patients with ABCG8 variant allele are at a higher risk of GBC	Srivastava et al[82]
33	GBC (185), controls (200)	Complement receptor polymorphism associated with pathogenesis of GBC	Srivastava and Mittal[83]
34	GBC (173), controls (204)	Single nucleotide polymorphisms of DNA repair genes OGG1 and XRCC1; associated with low risk for GBC	Srivastava et al[84]
35	GBC (144), controls (210)	Role of CCR5+/Delta32 polymorphism associated with risk of GBC	Srivastava et al[85]
36	GBC (124), controls (166)	IL-1 gene polymorphisms associated with GBC	Vishnoi et al[86]
37	GBC (142), controls (217)	CYP1A1 C allele frequency associated with GBC	Pandey et al[87]
38	-	CYP7A1 polymorphism associated with GBC	Srivastava et al[88]
39	-	The X (+), D haplotype of APOB is associated risk for development of GBC	Pandey et al[89]
40	-	NAT2 slow acetylator phenotype associated with risk of GBC	Pandey et al[90]
41	GBC (129), controls (208)	LRPAP1 polymorphism associated with GBC	Pandey et al[91]
42	GBC (39)	Mutation in codon 12 of the K-ras oncogene associated with GBC, which indicate role of chronic inflammation in gallbladder carcinogenesis.	Singh et al[92]
43	GBC (117), controls (137)	The apoB-XbaI gene polymorphism associated with GBC	Singh et al[93]

GBC: Gallbladder cancer; GB: Gallbladder.