Different types of tumor microvessels in stage I-IIIA squamous cell lung cancer and their clinical significance

Table 3 Univariate and multifactorial logistic regression analysis of risk factors for regional lymph node metastases in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma

Characteristic	Univariate analysis, OR (95%CI)	P value	Multivariate analysis, OR (95%CI)	P value
Age
< 60	1	-
60-69	1.48 (0.71-3.07)	0.291
≥ 70	0.75 (0.27-2.10)	0.584
Tumor location
Peripheral	1	-	1	-
Central	4.77 (2.36-9.63)	0.0000a	7.80 (3.33-18.26)	0.0000a
Histology
KSCC	1	-
NKSCC	0.77 (0.37-1.60)	0.482
Tumor grade
G1	1	-
G2	1.07 (0.50-2.29)	0.858
G3	0.78 (0.31-1.97)	0.597
T stage
T1a	1	-	1	-
T1b	5.50 (0.91-33.18)	0.063	4.93 (0.76-31.78)	0.093
T2a	6.20 (1.42-27.09)	0.015a	2.82 (0.59-13.53)	0.195
T2b	9.33 (1.45-60.21)	0.019a	5.27 (0.75-37.28)	0.096
T3	5.60 (1.24-25.25)	0.026a	1.66 (0.31-8.80)	0.551
DCs with weak expression of CD34
Absence	1	-
Presence	1.10 (0.56-2.15)	0.783
DCs of "contact type"
Presence	1	-
Absence	1.67 (0.86-3.25)	0.13
The capillaries in the tumor solid component
Absence	1	-	1	-
Presence	2.89 (1.33-6.28)	0.008a	2.72 (1.14-6.48)	0.023a
LFFCT in the tumor stroma
Absence	1	-
Presence	0.70 (0.32-1.55)	0.383
Fragmentation in the tumor solid component
Absence	1	-	1	-
Presence	2.55 (1.28-5.06)	0.008a	3.03 (1.33-6.94)	0.009a
Retraction clefts
Absence	1	-	1	-
Presence	2.62 (1.33-5.16)	0.005a	3.52 (1.56-7.96)	0.003a
Tumor spread through the AAS
Absence	1	-
Presence	0.72 (0.37-1.42)	0.342

^aP < 0.05, the differences between groups are statistically significant.

AASs: Alveolar air spaces; DCs: Dilated capillaries; KSCC: Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma; LFFCT: Loose, fine fibrous connective tissue in the tumor stroma; NKSCC: Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma; OR: Odds ratio.